高速重载曳引界面的摩擦滑移实验方法及失效机理研究

High-speed high-load traction is one of the key technologies for vertical transportation equipments including mine hoists and high-speed elevators. However, due to the geometrical complexity of the contact interface as well as the high-speed high-load operation condition, there are still some unknowns at the interface, e.g., the slip between the traction sheave and the wire ropes (or belts), and the effects of high-speed and high-load on the traction capability. Currently, most research on the traction is conducted under static or low-speed conditions because it is very difficult to simulate the real high-speed and high-load operation conditions in the lab. In this project, a configuration with two traction motors mutually loaded is proposed to simulate the real loading condition. Combining with mechanical and optical measurement technology, a traction capability tester specifically for high-speed high-load traction systems is developed. With this tester, the dynamic friction and slip behaviors at the traction interface are experimentally investigated and the mechanisms of them are explored. This research is supposed to bring us some fundamental understanding on the interfacial friction, wear and slip which is benefit to high speed elevators development in China.

高速重载曳引技术是保证垂直运输装备运行安全性及可靠性的核心技术之一。但由于曳引界面几何形状以及高速重载等运行工况的复杂性，缺乏在高速重载下研究曳引界面力学问题的实验方法和手段。因此目前国内外对曳引界面的研究都仅仅停留在静态或低速上，使得曳引界面在高速重载下的一些基础力学问题没有得到彻底的解决。本项目拟利用两台高速曳引机互拖的结构以及机电组合加载的方式，在实验室真实模拟高速重载曳引驱动的实际工作界面，并结合现代光测力学方法，实现曳引界面摩擦和滑移的实验室在线实时测量,发展一套高速重载曳引界面的实验研究方法和装置，为高速重载曳引界面的失效机理研究提供有效的技术手段。通过系统的实验研究，揭示高速重载曳引界面的失效机理，并结合相关的理论分析，建立相应的摩擦滑移模型，为我国高速重载曳引驱动设备的自主研发提供基础技术支撑。

本项目着重于研究高速重载曳引传动的曳引界面。通过设计搭建高速重载曳引系统试验台，配套成熟的控制策略来模拟实际高速电梯运转工况，并发展一套曳引界面摩擦滑移视觉测量方法，观测不同工况下，不同区域部位在曳引过程中产生的物理量的变化，主要包括观测钢丝绳张力，系统运转主轴扭矩，转动速度，以及相对应的曳引滑移量。从而研究不同工况及外界条件下曳引界面摩擦滑移状态的变化，并探究钢丝绳预紧力、曳引轮槽角等因素对摩擦曳引失效的影响，探索不同工况及外界条件下曳引系统的失效形式和机理。同时进行有限元方面的计算模拟，辅助理解曳引摩擦内在机理。