大骨节病点的微观地质特征共性研究

Kaschin Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic disease of bone and joint deformity that is serious damage to people's health. Kaschin Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic disease of bone and joint deformity that is serious damage to people's health。 However, there are some hypotheses, but its etiology remains unclear. To reveal the reason, the applicant have some new findings during the survey on the geological environment in several typical KBD disease villages in the KBD disease region of Shaanxi, Jilin and Tibet recently. It is found that geological age and lithology of the bedrock that distributed in the KBD affected villages in the same KBD region are same, but have big differences with the neighboring disease-free villages’; the boundary between KBD villages and nearby disease-free villages is coincident with the stratigraphic boundary. This study intends to select several typical KBD disease villages in the three remote KBD disease region of Shaanxi, Jilin and Tibet, study the micro-geological characteristics and differences of typical diseased villages and adjacent non-diseased villages, analyze the abundance and combination characteristics of trace elements in their natural environment, and explore the common micro-geological characteristics of Kaschin-Beck disease villages and the differences from non- diseased villages nearby. This study can provide new clues for the etiology of Kaschin-Beck disease and provide examples for exploring the impact of geological background on human health.

大骨节病是一种严重危害人们身体健康的病因不明的地方性的畸形骨关节病。申报者近期对陕西、吉林和西藏大骨节病区的几个典型发病村的地质环境进行考察，发现同一病区的发病村出露和分布的基岩的地质时代和岩性有共性，并与邻近的非病村或轻病村存在明显差异；发现病村和邻近的非病村的分界线与地层的分界线重合。本研究拟选择三个远距离的病区:东北吉林南部病区、中部陕西渭北和西藏病区中的典型病村和邻近的非病村为研究对象，探寻大骨节病病村的微观地质特征共性以及与临近非病区的差异。本研究可为揭示大骨节病的病因提供新的线索，也可为探讨地质背景对人类健康的影响提供实例。

大骨节病（KBD）是一种严重危害人类身体健康的病因不明的地方性的畸形骨关节病。虽然有多种病因假说，但病因至今没有确定。这些假设都无法解释KBD的强烈地方性分布以及发病村的点状分布特点。低硒学说无法解释并非所有低硒区都有KDB发生，而有些硒水平不低的区域却有本病发生。本项目对46个典型KBD病村的微观地质特征以及与相邻非病村的差异进行了研究，采集并测试了1000个基岩、土壤、作物和水的全元素含量。结果表明：KBD病区与我国新构造带密切相关,主病区与NNE向环太平洋构造带中的燕辽-太行-龙门山断裂系和郯庐断裂系（昆辉带）以及青藏高原的主断裂系重合。而具体的KBD病村分布的基岩有一个共性：均为不同地质时期的富含石英矿物的(1)陆相沉积，(2)中-酸性侵入岩，（3）花岗片麻岩和麻粒岩等。这些岩石均缺乏Ca，Mg、Sr和人体必须的第四周期过渡金属Zn、Cu、Cr、Co、Fe、Mn、V和Ni等；而相邻的非病村以贫石英矿物的(1)海相碳酸盐岩,(2)海相和海陆交互相碎屑岩，(3)火山喷发岩,(4)基性和超基性侵入岩。与全国土壤背景值相比，渭北KBD区土壤主量元素丰富，微量元素整体缺乏;与中国小麦平均值相比，KBD区生长的小麦主量和微量元素都缺乏，其中Cr（0.05）、Co（0.07）、Se（0.31）、Mo（0.34）和Mg（0.52）等显著缺乏。与非病村相比，KBD村小麦中Co、Sr、Li和Mo等含量显著降低。主食矿物质的整体缺乏是KBD村的主要环境背景特征。而KBD区低矿物质环境是由于地质时期地球内、外动力地质作用对今日地表环境持续影响的结果.广布于不断抬升、剥蚀作用强烈的新构造带中的石英砂岩、花岗岩等岩石中的元素更易流失，造成其出露区环境介质中矿物质极度缺乏,以当地粮食为主食的居民矿物质摄入量过低而致病。本研究可为探讨表生地质环境的差异性及其对人类健康的影响机理和前景提供科学依据。另外，我们调查的大骨节病村中，从没有出现过一例克山病病例。我们推测,与大骨节病同时发生于昆辉带的原因不明的克山病可能有着不同的致病机理，值得进一步研究。