汽车混响内声场近场声全息－声品质3D耦合分析方法及试验研究

The results of acoustic holography can not reveal the global psychoacoustic attributes features of indoor sound field for sound quality objective analysis, while sound quality characteristics can not tell 3D sound source distribution, a near field acoustic holography - sound quality combined analysis method will plan to study in this project. The objective of this research is to build theoretical model for numerical calculation the 3D distribution of sound quality parameters in interior sound field through the relationship analysis between sound fields reconstruction results based on near field acoustic holography and the 3D distribution of sound quality parameters, and to design and make up the prototype system to conduct this combined analysis which will be used in free and reverberation field to verify the theoretical model. The research objectives include: Develop the correlation mechanism between sound field reconstructoin results based on near field acoustic holography and 3D distribution of sound quality parameters in a free field with single source; Establish the theoretical calculation model for the 3D distribution for sound quality parameters in free reverbration field with mutli sound source; Built the NAH-Sound quality combined analysis prototype system used in car interior sound field.The achievements of this project will provide theoretical basis for systematically sound quality objective evaluation, identification and localization for major noise sources, and noise reduction optimum design for key parts in car interior chamber, also will lay the foundations in ultimately building sound quality evaluation system for the car interior chamber.

本项目针对内声场声全息分析方法不能提供内声场声品质的特征、而传统的声品质局部分析方法又无法给出声品质参量与声源3D分布间相互关系的局限性，提出利用声品质矩阵映射理论，建立近场声全息声学量重构结果与声品质参量3D分布间的关联机理模型，开展近场声全息－声品质3D耦合分析新方法研究，定量分析主要噪声源的声品质特征，为更有效地实施混响内声场降噪和舒适度改善措施提供指导。项目将开展单个或多个声源在自由或混响内声场中声品质参量3D分布理论计算模型的研究，深入系统分析：声品质矩阵映射模型；多声源声品质参量叠加算法；主要声源对次要声源的掩蔽特性，确定次要声源门槛值；声场重构精度对参量门槛值影响等关键问题；并在理论研究和仿真计算基础上，构建声全息－声品质3D耦合分析原型系统，开展自由、混响声场的实验验证研究。项目研究成果将为内声场声品质参量3D评价分析、相关噪声源识别定位和关键部件降噪优化设计提供理论依据。

近场声全息方法可以高精度地重构声学量的三维空间分布，从而有效实现结构噪声源识别定位。但是近场声全息计算方法，没有包含反映人耳听觉感受的声品质客观参量三维空间分布的信息，根据声场中物理量三维分布信息采取得声场降噪措施，不一定就能有效提高声场中人的听觉舒适度。因此，有必要开展基于近场声全息声场重构结果的声品质客观参量三维空间分布的研究，已实现识别定位与人听觉感受最相关的噪声源的目的。本项目开展了内声场近场声全息－声品质3D耦合分析理论及试验研究。研究了内声场近场声全息声场重构结果与声品质参量3D分布间关联机理，建立了内声场声品质参量3D分布的理论计算模型，搭建了内声场声全息－声品质3D耦合分析原型系统，并在自由及非自由声场中开展原型系统的试验验证研究。项目研究成果为内声场的系统化声品质客观量评价分析、主要噪声源识别定位和关键部件减振降噪优化设计提供了理论依据。目前，项目研究成果已应用于ARJ21-900飞机客舱、小汽车轿厢、汽车配件等产品的声学封装设计中。