西南地区药用芫菁的形态学与分子鉴定及斑蝥素资源多样性评价

The blister beetle is a kind of traditional medicine matrial in China. It has inportant medicinal value because its body contains cantharidin. At present, wild blister beetle is still the main source of medicinal cantharidin. However, there are a lot of problems on the development and utilization of the natural cantharidin resources, for example, resource investigation is insufficient, identification of meloid species is difficult, species used as medicine is limited, cantharidin resource is not utilized effectively. In this research work, we plan to carry out the morphological and molecular identification and evaluate on the diversity of cantharidin resources based on the prophase investigation in more than 10 years. Main content including: (1) species diversity; (2) morphology; (3) molecular identification and construction of DNA barcode database; (4) content determination of cantharidin and its derivants; (5) evaluation of cantharidin resources. The research aim are: to make a thorough investigation on the meloid fauna in Southwest China and to erect the identificating system of species; to construction the DNA barcode database of medicinal blister beetles and to establish the basis for quick and exact identification; to determinate the content of cantharidin and its derivants and to understand its varying pattern; to evaluate scientifically the diversity of cantharidin resources in Southwest China. The results of this work will provide basal data for understanding the fauna of Meloidae, exact identify the species used as medicine, excavate and utilize reasonablely the cantharidin resources.

芫菁是我国传统中药材之一，因其含有斑蝥素而具有重要药用价值。野生芫菁至今仍是药用斑蝥素的主要来源。目前在斑蝥素资源的开发利用方面还存在野生资源家底不清、芫菁种类鉴定困难、入药芫菁种类有限、斑蝥素资源未被有效利用等突出问题。本项目拟在历时十余年的前期调查研究基础上，深入开展西南地区药用芫菁的形态学与分子鉴定以及斑蝥资源多样性评价。内容包括：（1）物种多样性研究；（2）形态学研究；（3）分子鉴定及DNA条形码数据库构建；（4）斑蝥素及其衍生物含量测定；（5）斑蝥素资源多样性评价。研究目标是：基本查清西南地区芫菁的种类组成，建立种级以上分类阶元的鉴定体系；构建药用芫菁的DNA条形码数据库，为药用种类的快速识别和准确鉴定奠定基础；测定斑蝥素含量并掌握其变化规律；科学评价西南地区斑蝥素资源的多样性。研究结果可为全面认识芫菁科昆虫的区系组成、准确鉴定入药种类、发掘并合理利用斑蝥素资源提供基础资料。

芫菁是我国传统中药材之一，因其含有斑蝥素而具有重要药用价值。野生芫菁至今仍是药用斑蝥素的主要来源。目前在斑蝥素资源的开发利用方面还存在野生资源家底不清、芫菁种类鉴定困难、入药芫菁种类有限、斑蝥素资源未被有效利用等突出问题。在历时十余年的前期调查研究基础上，项目执行期间（2015-2018年）围绕西南地区药用芫菁的形态学与分子鉴定以及斑蝥资源多样性评价开展了深入研究。内容包括：（1）物种多样性研究；（2）形态学研究；（3）分子鉴定及DNA条形码数据库构建；（4）斑蝥素及其衍生物含量测定；（5）斑蝥素资源多样性评价。取得的主要结果有：（1）基本掌握了西南地区药用芫菁的物种多样性特征；（2）完成了贵州11种芫菁的比较形态学研究；（3）初步构建了药用芫菁的分子鉴定体系及DNA条形码数据库；（4）首次绘制了眼斑沟芫菁和大斑沟芫菁的全基团组草图；（5）完成了眼斑沟芫菁和大斑沟芫菁线粒体基因组测序分析；（6）完成了眼斑沟芫菁和大斑沟芫菁部分转录组研究；（7）完成了现有种类的斑蝥素含量测定和西南地区斑蝥素资源多样性评价。研究结果可为全面认识芫菁科昆虫的区系组成、准确鉴定入药种类、发掘并合理利用斑蝥素资源提供基础资料。