船行波对河滨带大型底栖动物群落的影响机制

Ship wave was the cyclic load acting on the inland waterway riparian buffer zone. The ship wave could significantly change the hydrologic condition and sediment of the riverside bank slope. River ecosystem health was under the disturbance of the ship wave. In this project, we try to employ the modified MesoHABSIM model to prepare the habitat suitability model, and use it to explore the influence mechanism of the inland waterway ship wave on the community structure, diversity and spatial distribution of the macroinvertebrate in the riparian zone. The study area was situated in the Zhangjiang waterway in the Guizhou province. We investigated the ship wave characteristics within the different traffic density river reach. The representative study region was selected in the river reach with higher, medium, lower traffic density. Then we analyzed community structure and diversity of the macroinvertebrate, and reveal the influence mechanism of the inland waterway ship wave in the different traffic density river reach on the community structure and spatial distribution of the macroinvertebrate. Combined with the hydrologic characteristic of the habitat hydrologic unit and the population characteristics of the typical macroinvertebrate, we try to construct the riparian macroinvertebrate habitat suitability model, and this habitat was suitable for the Zhangjiang basin. The macroinvertebrate habitat suitability model established in this project will provide a new research approach and technological choice for inland navigation area, and also provide a basic theoretical support for studies on the ecological inland waterway.

船行波作为循环载荷长期作用于内河航道河滨带岸坡，将会显著改变河滨带岸坡的水文条件和沉积物状况，威胁河流生态系统健康。本项目拟采用改进MesoHABSIM栖息地适宜度模型的方法探讨内河航道船行波对河滨带大型底栖动物的群落结构、多样性及空间分布的影响机理，为实现内河航运的生态建设与科学调度提供基础数据。具体地，以贵州樟江航道为研究区域，通过考察不同通航密度河段船行波的特性，在樟江航道内选取高、中、低通航密度河段为典型区域，分析典型河段河滨带大型底栖动物群落结构与多样性，揭示不同通航密度河段船行波对河滨带大型底栖动物群落及其空间分布的影响机理。结合船行波扰动下栖息地水文单元的水文特征与典型大型底栖动物种群特征，建立适合樟江航道的河滨带大型底栖动物栖息地适宜度模型。本项目建立的大型底栖动物栖息地适宜度模型可为内河航运领域提供新的研究思路和技术选择，并为内河生态航道的研究与建设提供基础理论支持。

针对内河航道建设破坏了河流的自然生态系统，各种工程措施改变了河道的形态与下垫面构成，致使内河航道产生河道萎缩、河流断流、生境退化等问题，本项目系统研究了航道工程建设与运行对河道水文情势、生态系统和地貌特征的影响，以及航道区域内河滨带大型底栖动物群落在航道扰动下的响应状态。项目于樟江、舞阳河等内河航道开展了大型底栖动物群落及其栖息地生境要素的实地调研与分析工作，取的关键成果如下：.（1）依据现场监测数据，明确了影响大型底栖动物群落分布的主要水质指标，主要包括总氮、氨氮、总磷、化学需氧量、悬浮物、溶氧量、流速、温度、pH等9种水质指标；结果表明建设期与运行期航道内的大型底栖动物群落表现出较低的多样性，航道建设工程对河滨带的大型底栖动物群落有较强的干扰作用；.（2）在分析内河航道建设对河湖生态系统影响的基础上，系统性的提出了内河生态航建设的内涵与总体需求，并构建了生态航道建设的理论框架，明确生态航道建设需重点关注的航道建设对河流生境影响机理、评价体系构建等关键科学问题；.（3）开展内河生态航道评价指标选取与分析研究，重点关注内河航道开发建设对河流生态系统的扰动和胁迫作用，阐明生态航道表征指标的选取原则，确定表征指标的日常监测方法，并论述了生态航道表征指标的选取过程；.（4）建立了内河生态航道评价指标体系，基于层级分析法与综合指标分析法计算指标层各评价指标的权重，明确生态航道评价体系中各种表征指标赋值与生态航道等级标准的联系程度，将内河生态航道健康程度划分为优Ⅰ、良Ⅱ、中Ⅲ、差Ⅳ、劣Ⅴ等级，运用内河生态航道评价体系对樟江航道健康度进行评价，分析、研究结果表明樟江航道为中Ⅲ级别生态航道；.（5）综合考虑樟江航道水文要素、生态要素、栖息地生境要素基础上，采用MesoHABSIM方法建立中尺度大型底栖生物栖息地适宜度评价数值模型，分析评估了樟江航道建设工程措施与船舶运行产生的船行波导致的流量、河滨带生境变化对大型底栖动物有效栖息地比例及分布影响状况。