亚热带山地泥炭藓湿地发育的微环境及其生态恢复机理

The sphagnum wetland in subtropical mountainous regions is an important wetland type. Since the year of 2005, the project applicant has made an overall investigation on sphagnum wetlands in the mountainous regions of West Hubei and has found large areas of sphagnum wetlands at four counties (districts). However, these sphagnum wetlands have greatly suffered from human disturbances. Moreover, there is a risk that the sphagnum wetlands might disappear. Therefore, it is urgent to lunch the research on the micro-environment for the development of sphagnum wetlands in subtropical mountainous regions and explore the mechanisms of ecological restoration and sustainability. European and North American scientists have done a series of research on the restoration technology of sphagnum wetlands and have achieved important results. However, all of the studies focused on plains that are located at the high latitude of the Northern Hemisphere. Comparatively, the Chinese studies have a later start and most focused on northeastern sphagnum areas. Therefore, we need a thorough research to explore the restoration of sphagnum wetlands in subtropical mountainous regions. The restoration of sphagnum wetlands has three key components, namely hydrological environment, substrate environment and vegetation environment. This study will be carried out centering on these three aspects. The study area is at Qizimei National Nature Reserve in Xuan'en county, the west of Hubei. This project will conduct the study of hydrological trait, substrate trait and vegetation trait of the early and development stages of sphagnum in three experimental conditions including natural sphagnum wetlands in subtropical mountainous regions, restoration region and laboratory. We will then determine the best parameters and technological scheme for rapid restoration of sphagnum wetlands, especially the key factors for a wet and cold environment that allows sphagnum to establish and expand. The project has both theoretical and practical significance for the protection, restoration and sustainable development of sphagnum wetlands in subtropical mountainous regions. Furthermore, this research will provide scientific guidance to help local residents.

亚热带山地泥炭藓沼泽湿地是一种特殊的湿地类型，具有重要的生态、经济、社会价值，但因其受到强烈的人为干扰而遭到不同程度的破坏，目前关于其生态恢复的基础研究匮乏。本项目通过在亚热带山地（鄂西七姊妹山自然保护区）自然泥炭藓湿地、恢复地和实验室三种实验环境下，分别对泥炭藓定植和发育的水文特征、基质特征和植被特征展开研究，确定最适于泥炭藓湿地快速恢复的一系列参数条件及技术方案，特别是探索亚热带山地泥炭藓恢复生长所需的潮湿阴凉环境的创造以及泥炭藓定植与扩展的最佳条件等关键科学问题。本项目的实施既对亚热带山地泥炭藓湿地的保护和恢复具有重要的理论与实践意义，同时对在亚热带山地建立泥炭藓可持续发展生产机制，促进山地居民的脱贫致富也具有重要现实意义。

亚热带山地泥炭藓沼泽湿地具有的重要生态、经济、社会价值，但因其受到强烈的人为干扰而受到不同程度的破坏。本项目通过在亚热带山地（鄂西七姊妹山自然保护区）自然泥炭藓湿地、恢复地和实验室三种实验环境下，分别对泥炭藓定植和发育的水文特征、基质特征和植被特征展开研究，确定最适于泥炭藓湿地快速恢复的一系列参数条件及技术方案，特别是探索亚热带山地泥炭藓恢复生长所需的潮湿阴凉环境的创造以及泥炭藓定植与扩展的最佳条件等关键科学问题。本项目在研究中获得一些创新性结果如下：①在亚热带山地，泥炭藓适宜的地下水位范围为0～-10cm；②泥炭藓生长受P而非N有效性的限制，0.2～0.5gm-2year-1的P添加能显著提高泥炭藓的生产力，有利于泥炭藓的快速恢复；③相较于传统的泥炭地原位修复，亚热带山地分布广泛的黄棕壤的酸性环境更适宜泥炭藓生长，这大大拓展了在亚热带山地进行泥炭藓湿地生态系统修复的地域范围；④研究证实了传统的修复技术中带茎采集泥炭藓上部片段进行移植的方法虽然不会对原生地产生破坏性影响，但这种移植方法可能并不是最佳的泥炭藓恢复方式。只剪取头状枝进行移植的方式可能是更好的选择；⑤泥炭藓生产力进行评估时，使用覆盖面积是可靠的综合指标；⑥用玉米秸秆或1层遮阴网覆盖有利于泥炭藓快速恢复生长，这为山地玉米秸秆的再利用提供了新途径。. 我们还拓展研究内容，对亚热带泥炭藓湿地的演化特征进行了初步研究，探讨了七姊妹山泥炭藓湿地沉积物特征及与中国中部气候环境变化关系，同时也对七姊妹山不同深度的泥炭藓和泥炭中腐殖类物质的腐殖化和分布相关指标进行了初步探讨。. 本项目的实施既对亚热带山地泥炭藓湿地的保护和恢复具有重要的理论与实践意义，同时对在亚热带山地建立泥炭藓可持续发展生产机制，促进山地居民的脱贫致富也具有重要现实意义。