智能自适应氮化物基纳米结构复合膜的设计和摩擦学特性研究

Solid lubrication over a wide range of temperature is a challenge for decades and has yet to overcome. Due to there is no single phase solid lubrication that displays a low CoF in a broad range of environmental conditions, the combination of two or more than two lubricants is one of the good methods to realize lubrication. The study on films materials design based on the concept of adaptive behavior. The smart adaptive nitride-based nanocomposite films with excellent friction and wear behaviors over a wide range of temperature are prepared by optimizing elements and controlling process parameters. The key research is the following: (1) To select the film components in order to obtain the comprehensive properties of high hardness, high stability, low friction coefficient and high wear resistance over a wide range of temperature. (2) To analyze the process of chemical and physical evolution of lubricating phase graphite, precious metals and oxides in the friction process and to reveal the friction and wear mechanisms of the different lubricating phase in the composites at different temperature environment. (3) To analyze the effects of quantities, distribution, morphology and structure of the lubricating phase and interface on friction and wear behavior and to study the coordination effects of lubricants in the films. The goal of this program is to optimize the synthesis property of coating materials, to reveal the formation mechanism and the friction and wear mechanism of the smart adaptive nanocomposite films over a wide range of temperature, and to set up the design criteria of new-type smart adaptive nitride-based composite films.

从室温到高温都具有优异的摩擦学性能的润滑材料是尖端工业领域迫切需要解决的难题，由于单一润滑剂无法满足服役要求，合理运用多种润滑剂的协同润滑效应是实现宽温域润滑的有效方法之一。本研究基于智能自适应性的概念设计薄膜材料，通过优化元素及控制工艺参数以制备在宽温域具有低摩擦系数和低磨损率的智能自适应氮化物基纳米结构复合薄膜，重点研究：(1)宽温域都具有高硬度、高稳定性、低摩擦系数和高耐磨性等综合性能的薄膜组元的选择。(2) 分析润滑相石墨、贵金属及氧化物在摩擦过程中的化学-物理变化过程，揭示复合膜中不同润滑相在不同温度环境下的摩擦磨损机制。（3）综合分析各润滑相的数量、分布、形态、结构及与基体间的界面对复合膜摩擦磨损性能的影响，探索薄膜中润滑相之间的协同效应。本项目旨在优化薄膜材料的综合性能，揭示智能自适应性纳米结构薄膜的摩擦磨损机制，为制备新型智能自适应复合膜提供理论指导。

从室温到高温都具有优异的摩擦学性能的润滑材料是尖端工业领域迫切需要解决的难题，由于单一润滑剂无法满足服役要求，合理运用多种润滑剂的协同润滑效应是实现宽温域润滑的有效方法之一。本研究基于智能自适应性的概念设计薄膜材料，以过渡族金属氮化物为研究对象，以提升宽温域条件下薄膜综合自适应性能为目标，通过添加提升薄膜热稳定性能以及宽温域摩擦磨损性能的元素及控制工艺参数制备在宽温域下均具有低摩擦系数和低磨损率的智能纳米结构复合薄膜。详细研究了如C、Al、Si、B、Ag、W等合金元素的添加对过渡族金属氮化物微观结构、力学以及宽温域摩擦磨损性能的影响。采用热力学以及晶体化学等相关理论深入的研究了Magnéli相在复合膜中的形成机理、存在形式以及润滑相之间的协同作用。从晶体结构角度解释了Magnéli相润滑机理，并针对Magnéli相减摩不耐磨的特性，设计了多种具有高硬度，同时在室温以及高温服役环境下具有优异摩擦磨损性能的薄膜体系。通过试验与理论计算相结合的手法，确定了贵金属元素在过渡族金属氮化物薄膜中的存在形式以及含贵金属氮化物薄膜的生长机制。解决了传统润滑薄膜使用温度窄的难题，研发了宽温域条件下均具有优异摩擦磨损性能的新型氮化物薄膜体系，为制备新型智能纳米结构薄膜提供理论指导和设计准则。