设施葡萄萌芽期需热量规律与动力学模型研究

In the process of deciduous fruit tree in protected cultivation，fruit tree blooming is determined by chilling and heat requirement, and these two regulatory factors are corresponding to dormancy and germination stage respectively on which deciduous fruit tree needs different amount of temperature. In the course of fruit tree in protected cultivation, dormancy stage can be advanced by centralized treatment under low temperature, while the duration of germination stage is determined by soil temperature. The previous researches mostly focus on chilling requirement while the studies on heat requirement and the affect of root on soil temperature are less; the heat requirement models are estimated according to air temperature, while the study on soil temperature effect is rare. The project will focus on the problems in protected cultivation in which air and soil temperature is not coordinate in germination stage, take grape as subject by means of making soil temperature increase, measuring physiological and environment indicators to study heat demanding mechanism of grape branches and root with air and soil temperature after dormancy, and the measured results will be adapted to analyse the correlationship between heat requirement models at home and abroad, and the advantages and disadvantages of these models will be compared and soil temperature be introduced to explore the methods to improve model parameters and to combine different models, and dynamics model of grapevine under proteced cultivation will be set up, which will provide theoretical base for fruit tree cultivation enviroment controlling.

在落叶果树设施栽培中，果树开花早晚主要受需冷量和需热量的控制，这两种调控因子分别对应落叶果树对温度要求不同的两个重要时期：休眠期和萌芽期。果树设施栽培的休眠期可通过低温集中处理提前满足，而萌芽期长短主要限制因子则是土壤温度。在以往的研究中，对需冷量研究的多，对需热量以及根系对土壤温度的响应研究的少；且需热量计算模型一般以空气温度为基础估算，鲜有涉及土壤温度的贡献率。本项目针对设施果树萌芽期地温上升慢、气温上升快，地温、气温不协调造成萌芽期延长的问题，以设施葡萄为研究对象，通过不同梯度地温升高控制试验和生理、环境指标测试，研究需冷量满足后，设施葡萄萌芽期枝条各器官和根系对气温和土温的热需求机理；利用测试结果对国内外主要需热量模型进行相关性分析，比较各种模型的优缺点；引入土壤温度，探索模型参数的改进和不同模型的结合方法，建立设施葡萄需热量动力学模型，为果树设施栽培环境调控提供理论依据。

根域温度对设施葡萄的需热量及其生长发育的关系是近年来设施葡萄环境研究中的重要课题。在西北地区落叶果树设施栽培中，果树设施栽培的休眠期可通过低温集中处理提前满足，而萌芽期长短主要限制因子则是土壤温度。本项目针对设施果树萌芽期地温上升慢、气温上升快，地温和气温不协调造成萌芽期延长的问题，以设施葡萄为研究对象，用7个需热量模型统计17个葡萄品种的需热量，进行相关性分析，并比较各种模型的优缺点；设置不同根域温度梯度，研究其对土壤生理生化、葡萄生长发育的影响；设置不同根域温度，研究其对设施葡萄需热量的影响，建立了设施葡萄需热量动力学模型；探索行间不同酿热物反应堆对土壤温度、葡萄生长发育、土壤环境的影响；以上研究为葡萄的设施栽培环境调控提供理论依据。