农田生态系统土壤纤毛虫分类与多样性研究

Ciliates are the most complex and highly differentiated unicellular animals and one of the most important animal groups in soil ecosystem. The farmland ecosystem is a very important and special kind of ecosystem, and the study on the classification and biodiversity of soil ciliates in it is sparse and highly scattered all over the world, and it is necessary and urgent to give a series of such studies. In this project, a study of classification, morphogenesis and cytogenesis, phylogenetic correlation among species and groups along with a quantitative study on soil ciliates in various typical farmland ecosystems in Gansu Province will be carried out using the non-flooded petri dish method, microscopic observations in vivo and after protargol impregnation, scanning electron microscopic observations, gene sequencing, direct and culture direct counting method. Based on the studies mentioned above，the characteristics of biodiversity of the ciliates and their relationships with the soil environmental factors will be investigated. It is expected that the study in this project will enrich the research work of the research field of soil ciliates and accumulate basic data for the study of classification and biodiversity of ciliates and for the investigation on the important functions of soil ciliates in the farmland ecosystem, and provide data of microbial biodiversity for environmental protection and scientific management of the farmland ecosystem.

纤毛虫是最复杂和最高等的单细胞动物，是土壤生态系统中最重要的动物类群之一。农田生态系统是一类极其重要而又十分特殊的生态系统，其土壤纤毛虫分类和生物多样性的研究在全球范围内稀缺和十分零散，比较系统地开展农田生态系统土壤纤毛虫分类和多样性研究必要而迫切。本项目拟选取甘肃境内典型农田生态系统作为研究区，采用非淹没培养皿法、活体和固定染色显微观察、电镜扫描观察、基因测序、直接计数和培养直接计数等技术和方法，开展农田生态系统土壤纤毛虫的分类、形态建成和细胞发生、物种/类群间系统发育关系研究及定量研究，并基于此，探讨农田生态系统土壤纤毛虫的多样性特征及其与土壤环境因子间的关系。本研究将丰富土壤纤毛虫研究领域的工作，为纤毛虫分类和多样性研究及纤毛虫在农田生态系统中的重要作用的探讨积累基础资料，为农田生态系统环境保护和科学管理提供微型生物多样性资料。

纤毛虫是最复杂和最高等的单细胞动物，是土壤生态系统中最重要的动物类群之一。农田生态系统是一类极其重要而又十分特殊的生态系统，其土壤纤毛虫分类和生物多样性的研究在全球范围内稀缺和十分零散，比较系统地开展农田生态系统土壤纤毛虫分类和多样性研究必要而迫切。本项目对甘肃省东部、东南部、西南部、中部和河西走廊农田土壤纤毛虫进行了α与β分类学、关键种的形态建成和细胞发生、关键种群的SSU rDNA基因序列、土壤样本18S区域扩增子测序及纤毛虫多样性特征及其与土壤环境因子间的关系等方面的研究。研究工作主要取得了以下研究进展和结果：1.土壤样品相关理化因子数据；2.研究区农田土壤纤毛虫物种及其分类；3.关键种的形态建成和细胞发生过程；4.关键种群的SSU rDNA基因序列；5.120个土壤样本18S区域扩增子测序结果；6. 纤毛虫多样性特征及其与土壤环境因子间的相关关系。本研究将丰富土壤纤毛虫研究领域的工作，为纤毛虫分类和多样性研究及纤毛虫在农田生态系统中的重要作用的探讨积累基础资料，为农田生态系统环境保护和科学管理提供微型生物多样性资料。