红花石蒜（Lycoris radiata）“花叶期不遇”现象机制的研究

Lycoris radiata is Chinese characteristic bulbous flowers with high ornamental value. It would be valuable to study its growth habit of florescence without leaf and the control mechanirm for effective regulation of flowering and its industrialization development.. According to the previous studies about the phenology observation and cultivation. Project team speculated that the temperature is likely to be the key factor to decided the growth rhythm of L.radiata.To fully understand the relation between the growth rhythm of L.radiata and the temperature and its physiological mechanism. The project will conduct a series of experiments, which sequentially was the phenology and microclimate monitoring, the morphology anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of flower development, and others.. Then, the cultivation experiments under 6 different temperature control and 8 different temperature storage would be conducted aimed to exploring its optimum growth, stress and dormancy induction temperature range, and effective regulatory pathways.. Finally, We study hoped to exploring the internal cause of growth rhythm and the physiological response mechanism of L.radiata to the temperature by combing the flower bud differentiation observation, the bulb physiological and biochemical substances determination and the analysis of differential proteomics under different treatments.

红花石蒜（Lycoris radiata）为中国特色球根花卉，观赏价值较高。研究其“花叶期不遇”现象的调控机制，对有效调控花期及其产业化开发具有重要意义。根据前期多年的物候观察与栽培研究推测，温度很可能是主导红花石蒜“花叶期不遇”习性的环境因子。本项目拟首先通过对红花石蒜的物候与小气候监测、花发育形态解剖、花发育生理等研究，掌握红花石蒜“花叶期不遇”习性与温度的相关性；然后，分别采用6种不同温度的盆栽和8种贮藏处理，研究红花石蒜其最适的生长、胁迫及休眠诱导的温度范围及其“花叶期不遇”现象的有效调控途径；再结合红花石蒜花发育生理、生化指标的动态监测及不同处理下差异蛋白质组学分析，探寻其“花叶期不遇”的温度响应机制。

为弄清红花石蒜花叶期不遇现象的内在机制，首先综合采用物候观测与形态解剖法将其年生长发育分为6个物候期（含8个发育阶段），并将花芽分化进程细分为9个阶段。首次突破性发现，石蒜的根、叶生长不同步现象。根的物候要略早于叶片，叶枯萎期恰为新根萌发期，根系生物量仍以叶旺长期最高,鳞茎干重以休眠期最大。红花石蒜是光温照敏感性植物，生长节律（花叶期不遇现象）主要受温度影响。其夏眠的启动需接受光照（长日照）、温度和水份（湿度）的协同刺激。适当的低温（9-19℃）、短日照（10.7～11.5 h）有利于营养生长；高温（＞25℃）和长日照（12.9～14 h）有利于生殖生长或开花。休眠期变温（25℃/15℃）处理8周，会显著鳞茎内的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉的相对含量，还能促进出叶和翌年开花。6 个物候期的比较蛋白质组学表明，叶黄枯期/叶成熟期的差异蛋白数最多（438个）、生理变化最复杂，期间伴有大量与叶绿体相关蛋白的数量减少。其次为开花期/休眠期（242个），期间与花器官发育相关蛋白的种类显著增多，反映了“石蒜花叶期不遇”的表观遗传学背景。由此证实了石蒜的夏眠仅是地上部的形态学休眠，地下部的生长与生理仍然“活跃”。其“花叶期不遇”现象，主要受生物学特性的遗传支配，也在一定程度上受气象因子的综合影响。