新疆早实核桃短童期遗传性状分子标记辅助选择

The Xingjiang precocious walnut is a rare Germplasm material, it's juvenile period is very short, and the flower bud formation is quite early, most seedlings just need 2-3 years after seeding, some seedlings can form flower bud and fructify in the seeding year, the special character make the super quick term breeding become possible. .The research will make a hybridization test of the precocious and late fructifying walnut, establish a F1 segregation population, and the inheritable character will be screened by AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism), and then, seek Separation status of the precocious and late fructifying hereditary character in the F1 population..Meanwhile, to assay some active substance, such as hormone and polyamine, which related to the growing development of the walnut seedlings, and its quantitative change and will be analysed. .To find Some molecular marker related to the short juvenile period hereditary character of the precocious walnut is the main aim of the research, which can promote the plan of super short term breeding of the Ordinary walnut, and even fruit tree; can contribute to revealing the developmental mechanism of the short juvenile period inborn character of the fruit tree in the theoretical aspect.

新疆早实核桃是一个珍贵的种质材料，其童期表现很短，用坚果种子播种后开花早、挂果早，大部分实生苗在播种后2-3年内即可开花、结果实，也有在播种当年开花、结果实的，其短童期特性为实现普通核桃快速育种或超短期育种奠定了良好的种质基础。.本研究将用新疆早实核桃和本地晚实老核桃进行杂交，获得F1分离群体，并应用AFLP分子标记技术对早实相关遗传性状进行辅助选择，进而探索早实性状和晚实性状在杂交后代中的分离状况。.同时，对群体后代中早实植株和晚实植株进行生长发育相关物质的动态跟踪测定，如激素、多胺等，分析它们在F1幼苗各发育阶段的量变情况，以及与早实核桃短童期遗传性状表现的相关性。期望能发掘一批与新疆早实核桃短童期表现相关的分子标记，这将为推动核桃乃至果树超短期育种做好一定研究基础，为果树短童期发育机制的揭示作出一定理论贡献。

新疆早实核桃是一个珍贵的果树种质材料，其童期表现很短，用坚果种子播种后开花早、挂果早，大部分实生苗在播种后2-3年内即可开花、结果实，也有在播种当年开花、结果实的，其短童期特性为实现普通核桃快速育种或超短期育种奠定了良好的种质基础。本研究用新疆早实核桃和本地晚实老核桃进行杂交，获得了性状分离的F1群体，并应用SSR分子标记技术对早实相关遗传性状进行辅助选择，探索早实性状和晚实性状在杂交后代中的分离状况，发现了4个有价值标记条带。同时，对群体后代中早实植株和晚实植株进行了BSR-Seq和Small RNA-Seq及差异表达基因关联分析，发掘到11个差异基因（已与核桃基因组和转录组比对）分别与19个已知miRNA关联，这些基因既是短童期相关候选基因，同时也是调控短童期发育的miRNA的靶基因，它们有着双重身份，双重功能，有待进一步验证。经生物信息分析发现这些候选基因与GA（赤霉素）途径、蔗糖-淀粉途径相关，也与生殖和发育过程相关。经过qRT-PCR分析，这些候选基因在早花（F4）和晚花池(V4)中的表达差异明显。研究基本完成了项目的既定目标任务，获得了项目预期结果。这些发掘到的候选基因将进一步应用在早实核桃短童期相关的分子标记开发和转基因功能验证方面，这将推动核桃乃至果树超短期育种进程，为果树短童期发育机制的揭示铺垫应有研究基础。