中国缘腹细蜂亚科分类修订和系统发育研究

Species of the subfamily Scelioninae (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea) are important egg parasitoids of Orthoptera and Hemiptera and many species have been successfully used as biological agents against insect pests in agriculture and forestry. Due to its large number of species, host diversity and specificity, Scelioninae may serve as an ideal group for testing the adaptive evolution of host use and the mechanism of host finding. However, the Chinese fauna of Scelioninae taxonomically remains a large void in our knowledge. In addition, the interrelationships within the subfamily are largely unclear, which in turn have impeded research on how these wasps have adapted to different hosts. This project aims to thoroughly revise the Chinese fauna of Scelioninae, including their taxonomy, distribution, host range and biology. We will also address phylogenetic hypotheses and adaptive evolution patterns of host use across multiple hierarchical levels in the subfamily based on phylogenetic analyses of combined morphological, genomic, and biological data. This project will provide scientific basics for further biological study of these wasps and their implications in pest biological control as well as baseline data for biodiversity conservation in China. The revelation of adaptive evolution patterns of host use may help to understand host associations of these wasps so that we can design better biological control strategies.

缘腹细蜂亚科隶属膜翅目缘腹细蜂科，是直翅目和半翅目卵期的重要天敌，很多种类已被成功用于农林业重大害虫的生物防治。该亚科由于物种繁多、寄主多样化而又高度专化，是研究寄生蜂寄主适应性进化和解析寄生蜂寻找寄主机制的理想类群。但是，我国该类群尚缺乏系统的分类研究。而且，目前该亚科内部系统发育关系还不明确，这给解析缘腹细蜂的寄主适应性进化带来了困难。本项目将系统地研究我国缘腹细蜂亚科的属、种及其分布、寄主范围和寄生习性等，并通过整合形态特征、基因组学和生物学等数据，探讨缘腹细蜂亚科内部各类群的系统发育关系及其寄主适应性进化的规律。本项目是进一步研究缘腹细蜂生物学及其在害虫生物防治中开发利用的基础，同时为开展我国生物多样性保护提供基础数据，具有重要的现实意义。寄主适应性进化的分析有助于在生产实践中明确缘腹细蜂与寄主的关系，以更有效地在害虫的生物防治上利用该类寄生蜂，具有广阔的应用前景。

缘腹细蜂亚科昆虫是直翅目和半翅目卵期的重要天敌，很多种类已被成功用于农林业重大害虫的生物防治。该亚科由于物种繁多、寄主多样化而又高度专化，是研究寄生蜂寄主适应性进化和解析寄生蜂寻找寄主机制的理想类群。本项目系统地研究了我国缘腹细蜂亚科的属、种及其分布、寄主范围和寄生习性等，共鉴定出中国缘腹细蜂亚科75属200种，其中发表了新种9个和记述了中国新记录种15种。基于形态学、多分子标记和基因组学等方面的数据，构建了广腹细蜂总科（包括缘腹细蜂亚科）比较明确的系统发育关系，并对寄主关联进化进行了组征重建，解析了广腹细蜂总科各个类群寄主适应性进化规律；基于所得的系统发育关系，修订了广腹细蜂总科新的分类系统，基本确立了缘腹细蜂亚科高级阶元稳定的分类系统。本项目既是昆虫系统学与进化、昆虫区系分析和生物多样性研究，又是害虫天敌种质资源调查、害虫生物防治和害虫可持续控制的基础研究。本研究丰富了世界缘腹细蜂亚科分类与系统学的理论，填补了我国缘腹细蜂亚科系统分类研究的空白，为害虫的生物防治提供新的天敌种资。本研究对缘腹细蜂亚科寄主适应性进化的分析有助于在生产实践中明确缘腹细蜂与寄主的关系，以更有效地在害虫的生物防治上利用该类寄生蜂。