多载具自动化存取系统关键作业策略的优化与仿真研究

This study focuses on the theories and methods of storage location assignment and job scheduling in multi-shuttle Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems. The crane of multi-shuttle AS/RS is able to store and retrieval multiple unit loads simultaneiusly in a trip. Compared with the single-shuttle AS/RS,the useless travle time without carring unit loads in multi-shuttle AS/RS can be reduced effectively,then the operational efficiency is improved correspondingly.Due to this merit, warehouses and distribution centers have paid more and more attention on this novel multi-shuttle AS/RS. The location assignment and job scheduling are the two key operational strategies to reduce the cost of storage and retrieval activities in an AS/RS. As the flexibility of storage and retrieval becomes more significant with the increase of shuttle number, it brings new challenge to the research on location assignment and job scheduling in AS/RSs.This study try to establish the theory and method system of location assignment and job scheduling, which is suitable for different number of shuttles in multi-shuttle AS/RSs.The location assignment and job scheduling problems in multi-shuttle AS/RSs under different scenarios will be describled by mathmatical modelling and solved by designing the efficient algorithms. On the basis of the models and algorithms, the simulation analysis system on operational strategies in multi-shuttle AS/RSs will be developed to provide a effective descition-making tool in operating multi-shuttle AS/RSs.

本课题研究符合多载具自动化存取系统（AS/RS）作业特点的仓储货位分配和作业调度理论和方法。多载具AS/RS堆垛机一次行程可以同时存放和取出多个货物单元，相比单载具AS/RS能够有效缩短无效空载时间，提高存取货作业效率，具有较大的应用潜力，这种新型仓储系统正得到仓库及配送中心广泛的关注和应用。仓储货位分配和作业调度是影响AS/RS仓储作业成本的两个关键作业策略，载具数量的增多提高了存取货复合作业的灵活性，也给货位分配和作业调度策略的研究带来了新的挑战。本课题尝试建立适用于不同载具数量的多载具AS/RS货位分配和作业调度的理论方法体系。研究将对不同场景下多载具AS/RS货位分配和作业调度问题进行建模分析，设计与其问题规模相适应的求解算法。并在此基础上，设计开发多载具AS/RS货位分配和作业调度策略的仿真分析系统，为多载具AS/RS运作提供科学决策的工具和方法。

国内人力成本的攀升和电商业务量的急剧增长加速了物流仓储业以机器替代人的进程，行业对各种新型的自动化物流仓储装备的需求也日益增加。多载具(multi-shuttle)自动化存取系统（Automated storage and retrieval system,简称AS/RS）是一种新型的自动化仓储系统，能够显著降低堆垛机空驶距离，提高存取货作业效率，具有较大的应用潜力。本项目主要围绕多载具AS/RS这一新型仓储形态，基于其作业特点，对多载具AS/RS货位分配、存取货调度等关键运作问题分场景开展研究。目前已发表或已录用了6篇论文，其中3篇被SCI检索，3篇被EI检索，基于该项目指导的硕士学位论文被评为清华大学校级优秀硕士学位论文。主要的具体成果报包括：（1）针对已知货位分配的场景，提出多载具AS/RS多作业周期的存取货指令调度优化方法，设计与问题规模匹配的求解算法，并验证算法的性能，该成果发表在《计算机集成制造系统》上；（2）考虑到货位分配和存取货作业调度的关联性，设计开发了多载具AS/RS货位分配和作业调度集成优化的模型和算法，有效解决了联合优化问题，相应成果发表在《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》；（3）针对多载具AS/RS可以存取货位重用的特点，提出了货位即时共享策略下的多载具货位分配和作业调度的联合优化模型和算法，相关成果发表在《Transportation Research Part E》；（4）将多载具AS/RS的运作优化方法，扩展到紧致型仓储系统的优化领域，有效求解了多深度紧致型仓储系统的优化设计运作问题，相关成果发表在《International Journal of Production Research》。