GB-InSAR监测高速铁路高精度三维形变关键技术研究

For the traditional deformation measurement technology can not provide high spatial and temporal resolution deformation in mapping high-speed railway deformation in three dimensions,a new three-dimensional deformation measurement strategy is proposed for obtaining high-precision deformation. The GB-SAR image registration、atmospheric delay phase and algorithm for obtaining three-dimensional deformation field are focused on. A new GB-SAR image registration method based on coherent targets is proposed, which can eliminate speckle noise and improve the accuracy of registration.Two correction strategies are proposed to estimate atmospheric delay phase based on meteorological data and atmospheric delay function model for different geological environment in the station. A new geocoding process for GB-InSAR data is describled based on DEM.Due to flexible attitude and high temporal resolution, two methods are proposed for obtaining three-dimensional deformation field. One is multi-source data fusion, the other is using multi-platform technology.The proposed GB-InSAR three-dimensional deformation monitoring of high-speed railway technology not only breaks the limitations of high-speed rail deformation monitoring technology, extends the range of applications of interferometric radar measurement technology, but also further promotes interferometric radar measurement technology towards the development of fine deformation monitoring, thus owning practical significance to the sustainable development of society and people's lives and property safety.

针对目前高速铁路形变监测技术无法实现高时空分辨率三维监测的问题，提出采用GB-InSAR技术获取高速铁路三维形变场。重点对GB-SAR图像配准、大气延迟相位、地理编码和三维形变场计算方法展开研究。提出采用相干目标点计算距离和方位向偏移量，消除斑点噪声的影响，提高配准精度，减弱观测平台不稳定引入的误差；针对不同的地质环境，提出采用大气数据校正方法和函数模型方法消除大气延迟相位；提出联合高分辨率DEM精确GB-SAR地理编码方法；针对GB-SAR平台观测姿势灵活和高时空分辨率的特点，提出多源数据融合和多平台技术两种方法获取高速铁路三维形变。基于GB-InSAR高速铁路三维形变监测技术不仅突破了目前高速铁路形变监测的技术局限，扩展了干涉雷达测量技术的应用范围，而且进一步推动了干涉雷达测量技术向精细化形变监测的发展，同时对保障社会的可持续发展和人民生命财产安全，具有重要的实用意义。

针对GBInSAR在高速铁路形变监测中存在的问题，对GBSAR图像配准、GBSAR误差源、大气纠正方法、时间序列GBInSAR方法和三维形变解算方法等展开研究，并提出相应的解决方法，总结相关研究成果，共发表论文9篇，其中SCI论文5篇，EI会议论文1篇，中文核心论文2篇；实用新型专利授权1项。该研究成果突破了目前高速铁路形变监测技术的局限，能够为高速铁路的安全运营提供技术支撑。