基于DEM的月表撞击坑特征及空间异质性研究

Lunar impact crater is recognized as the most typical geomorphic units and the most intuitive topographic characteristic. Its geometrical morphology, spatial attribute, composite structure and distribution characteristics are not only the visualized exterior mark of lunar morphological characteristic, but also the critical breakthrough point for the in-depth interpretation of internal structure and evolution mechanism of the Moon. This research is proposed to tridimensionally analyze lunar impact crater by using the lunar DEM (30m and 500m resolutions). On the basis of a comprehensive analysis on the crater formation mechanism, morphological characteristics, and spatial composite structure of lunar impact crater, the scientific classification system of lunar impact crater is going to be improved, a multi-perspective and effective quantitative description system of lunar crater will be built. Based on the high resolution lunar DEM data, the automatic extraction algorithm of lunar crater will be developed, and the calculation model of quantitative indexes will be designed. Through comparative analysis of lunar impact craters of different areas, the regional differences of designed quantitative indexes and relative developmental age of lunar crater can be analyzed, and finally the underlying implication of the spatial heterogeneity of lunar impact crater would be explored in depth. This research employ lunar impact crater as breakthrough point, and thoroughly reveal the characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of typical lunar geomorphic units. Original achievements of lunar geomorphology and its underlying graphic and mathematical pattern are expected to be obtained, so as to promote the development of spatial information science and lunar geomorphology.

撞击坑是月表最直观、典型的月貌结构单元，其几何形态、空间属性、组合结构、分布特征等既是描述月表形貌特征的直观外在标志，更是深入诠释月球内部构造和演化机理的重要切入点。本课题拟基于月表DEM数据(分辨率为30米、500米)对月表撞击坑进行立体解读。在综合分析月表撞击坑成因机制、形态特征、空间组合结构的基础上，完善月表撞击坑的科学分类体系，构建多角度、科学有效的月表撞击坑量化描述指标体系；基于高分辨率月表DEM数据，研究月表撞击坑自动提取算法，并设计量化指标求算模型；通过对不同区域典型撞击坑的对比与分析，研究月表撞击坑量化指标、月表撞击坑相对发育年龄的区域差异性，深入挖掘月表撞击坑空间异质性的深层次地学内蕴。本课题是以月表撞击坑为切入点，全方位揭示典型月表单元特征及其分布规律的有益探索，可望在月貌及其"形""数""理"规律的探索方面取得原创性成果，促进空间信息科学、月貌学等相关学科的发展。

撞击坑是月表最直观、典型的月貌结构单元，其几何形态、空间属性、组合结构、分布特征等既是描述月表形貌特征的直观外在标志，更是深入诠释月球内部构造和演化机理的重要切入点。本课题基于月表DEM数据（分辨率为20、60米、100米）对月表撞击坑进行立体解读：（1）在综合分析月表撞击坑形态特征、空间位置关系的基础上，完善月表撞击坑的科学分类体系，构建多角度、科学有效的月表撞击坑量化描述指标体系，包括单个撞击坑基本组成部分，如基础几何形态、坑唇、坑壁、坑底、中央峰、溅射物等要素的描述指标，以及群体撞击坑的空间展布形态、统计特征等描述指标；（2）面向月表撞击坑自动识别与提取的需求，将撞击坑分成三种类型（离散坑、坑连坑、坑套坑），提出了针对不同类型月表撞击坑的自动/半自动提取算法，并设计了评价指标体系用以评价提取效果；（3）通过对不同区域典型撞击坑的对比与分析，研究月表撞击坑量化指标、月表撞击坑分布异质性及演化规律，深入挖掘月表撞击坑空间异质性的深层次地学内蕴。本课题以月表撞击坑为切入点，全方位揭示了典型月表单元特征及其分布规律，促进了空间信息科学、月貌学等相关学科的发展。