猫儿山小鲵生活史不同阶段的生境选择研究

Hynobius maoershanensis belongs to Caudata, Hynobiidae, Hynobius. H. maoershanensis is endemic in a very narrow area (2.4km2) at the Mountain Maoer in Guangxi Province, China. It mainly inhabits in alpine swap at an altitude of 1900-2000 m, the population is also very small (2000), and discovered in only three ponds. It was been listed in endangered level EN. According to our previous studies, there are many differences between H. maoershanensis and related species in habitat and life-story traits. In order to find out the environmental adaptation mechanisms in H. maoershanensis, based on our previous data, we study the habitat selection and life-history traits of H. maoershanensis basing on the methods of field observation and laboratory simulation environment observation. This study will provide basic data to further study the ecology of Hynobiidae, specially, provide habitat information for protection to H. maoershanensis, and evaluate the protective levels for this endangered species.

猫儿山小鲵目前仅发现在广西猫儿山海拔1900-2000米，分布区狭窄（仅为2.4km2），种群数量极少（仅约2000只），已被列入濒危等级EN。本项目结合猫儿山小鲵与国内小鲵属近缘种在生活史特征及生境选择方面有显著差异的特点，采用野外观测和模拟生境的方法，进行猫儿山小鲵生活史不同阶段对栖息地选择的研究，探讨猫儿山小鲵的生境选择机制及其生活史适应高山环境机制，为保护猫儿山小鲵的栖息地资源提供依据，为确立其保护地位提供基础数据，同时丰富小鲵属物种栖息地选择和生态学相关理论，并能拓宽对小鲵属物种适应环境规律的理解。

两栖动物相对于其他动物,对于环境的变化能更加敏锐的觉察，能够最直接感受环境因子的变化，可以作为衡量其栖息环境好坏的指标。本项目拟对猫儿山小鲵的生境选择进行研究，解释其对环境的适应机制。采用样方法对其繁殖期生境选择偏好进行研究采用；用HE染色、Grimelius染色、免疫组织化学染色等组织学技术对消化道组织结构进行研究，用高通量测序等技术手段对其肠道和皮肤菌群的16S rRNA基因序列进行测序，研究皮肤和肠道菌群对不同栖息地的适应机制。本项目将从生态学和生理学的角度探讨猫儿山小鲵的环境适应机制，可为人工饲养猫儿山小鲵提供依据，对该物种的保护具有实践意义。