硬相人工关节生物摩擦声学及其减摩消声方法研究

Periodical squeaking is a clinical phenomenon observed in hard-on-hard(HOH)artificial joints. The driving force is believed to be the frictional vibrating force generated between the hard bearing materials. Thus, tribological induced acoustic issue acts as key impact on HOH artificial joints. With the purpose of complete understanding of such phenomenon,in this project,a new biotribological-acoustic method is proposed for the fundamental study of the biotribologicial and acoustic related mechanism in artificial joints. Three aspects, including establishment of the methodology of biotribo-acoustic researches,analysis of squeaking mechanism and development of the de-squeaking technology,will be covered. Founded on the pre-study of project validation,in this research,the biotribo-acoustic experimental methodology, together with dedicated testing apparatus will be built up and validated. By the means,the biotribo-acoustic performance of HOH artificial joints and key influence factors will be investigated and analyzed in the field of bio-lubrication,biomechanic,vibration,interfacial friction,design and manufacture of artificial joints and clinical operation,et al. According to the understanding of the biotribo-acoustic mechanism of HOH artificial joints,micro/nano surface texture,which is developed for reduction of friction and vibration,de-squeaking will be designed and fabricated on the surfaces of artificial joints via advanced surface manufacture technologies. Meanwhile,study will be carried out to investigate the detailed lubrication and de-squeaking rationale in regard to the load capacity,energy absorption characteristics and lubrication condition of textured artificial joint surfaces. The internal relationship between the squeaking acoustic and mechanical energy as vibration will be analyzed. Through the execution of this project,a complete fundamental experimental methodology and testing systems for the biotribo-acoustic study of artificial joints can be accomplished. Then,the mechanism of squeaking phonomenon of HOH artificial joints can be understood, as well as the characterization of the biotribo-acoustic properties. Moreover,an unique micro/nano surface texturing method to reduce the vibration and avoid squeaking in artificial joints can be designed,fabricated and validated.

针对硬相人工关节的间歇性异响的表象，课题组提出"人工关节生物摩擦声学"的基础研究方案，探索人工关节中的生物摩擦学与声学交叉的新问题。总体工作分为新实验方法建立、声发射机理分析、减振消声方法探索三个方面。通过前期可行性实验论证，在项目中，将建立人工关节生物摩擦声学的基础研究方法与实验台架；基于该研究方法，从生物润滑、生物力学、振动、界面摩擦、人工关节设计制造及临床手术操作等多个方面来探索硬相人工关节摩擦声发射机理及重要影响因素；在机理研究的基础上，利用微纳制造手段，设计制备有利于减摩吸振的人工关节微纳表面织构，分析织构表面的储能性能以及润滑状态，并与振动机械能、声能建立相应联系，探索其对人工关节润滑与减振消声的基本原理。通过该项目的实施，能够建立一套科学的人工关节生物摩擦声学基础研究方法；掌握硬相人工关节摩擦声学的产生原理；验证具有现实意义的人工关节润滑与减振消声的方法。

人工关节在临床中出现的异响现象是困扰陶瓷等新型硬相人工关节发展的一个重要问题，其本质是摩擦引起声发射的过程。本项目以人工关节承重摩擦副为对象，将生物摩擦学作用与声学发生机理相结合，开展了硬相人工关节临床异响的理论和实验研究，取得了重要的研究进展。在研究方法方面，我们发展或应用了一系列新的模拟技术，如建立了骨盆至股骨远端复杂骨骼及软组织的生物力学模型；全骨盆-陶瓷人工髋关节假体-股骨系统的摩擦振动有限元计算模型；以及陶瓷人工关节材料表面织构流体润滑模型。掌握了骨盆至股骨远端的复杂骨骼的生物力学计算机建模方法；发现了假体系统在摩擦激励下股骨组件的弯曲和扭转共振对异响产生的直接作用；证实了合理的表面织构设计能够提高陶瓷关节材料摩擦副间的润滑作用。此外，开发了多个人工关节生物摩擦声学的体外实验台架，建立了科学的人工关节材料的磨损测试方法与评价手段，并通过改变实验条件研究了材料和环境等因素对陶瓷关节材料生物摩擦声学行为的影响。根据上述研究成果撰写的论文已经在Tribology International，RSC Advance，Journal of Bionic Engineering等国际著名科学期刊上发表，共计发表标注本基金项目号论文9篇，另有5论文正在审稿中，授权发明专利2项、申请4项。这些论文虽然发表时间不长但已经获得较好的评价和引用率。项目执行期间我们研究团队获得上海市市民发明奖1项，其中包含了本基金项目的部分研究成果，项目负责人华子恺获得了全国标准技术化委员会（TC110/SC01）、全国摩擦学青年工作委员会等重要学术组织委员称号，并担任了上海大学机电工程学院智能基础件研究中心主任，得到了良好的培养。