内蒙古铀矿周围饮用水、土壤、牧草及草原五畜体内放射性核素的探测与分析研究

The exploitation of uranium deposits poses a long-term potential radiological hazard to the environment and human health, which is one of the main radiation source caused by human activities. It is significant for radiology to detect and analyze the radionuclides systematically in the surrounding environmental media of uranium mine. A number of extra-large and large-scale sandstone-type uranium deposits have been discovered in Inner Mongolia, which is located in the northern part of China, and its mining operations will affect the radioactivity level in the environment. In this project, taking Bayanwula uranium mine as an example, we will measure the radionuclides in underground drinking water, soil, pasture and grassland domestic animals (goat, sheep, cattle, horse and camel) through low background gross α and gross β measuring instruments, high purity germanium γ spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, analyze their changes and transfer factors, calculate the absorbed dose, assess the impact on public health and establish the database of radioactive levels in environmental media around uranium mines in Inner Mongolia combining with the previous monitoring data. The internal rules and mechanisms of radionuclide transfer are analyzed at larger time scale and geo-scale to provide scientific support for the prediction of the impact of human radioactivity activities on the environment and public health.

铀矿的开采是人为活动引起天然辐射水平升高的重要来源之一，直接威胁着人类的身体健康，对其周围环境介质中放射性核素的探测与分析研究,系统评估其对公众健康的影响具有重要的放射学意义。内蒙古地处我国北部，为我国最重要的铀成矿区带之一，目前已发现了一批特大、大型砂岩型铀矿床，其开采作业不可避免地会影响周围环境中放射性水平。本项目以巴彦乌拉铀矿为例，计划使用低本底总α和总β测量仪、高纯锗γ能谱仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪，采集和测量巴彦乌拉铀矿周围地下饮用水、土壤、牧草及草原五畜(山羊、绵羊、牛、马和骆驼)体内放射性核素的浓度，分析其变化规律，探究放射性核素的转移，计算吸收剂量，评估其公众健康的影响，并结合前期监测数据建立内蒙古铀矿周围环境介质中放射性水平的数据库，在更大的时间尺度与地域尺度分析放射性核素转移的内在规律与机制，为科学预测人类放射性活动对环境与公众健康的影响提供必要的支撑。

通过对内蒙古铀矿周围饮用水、土壤、牧草及草原五畜体内放射性核素的探测与分析研究，完成了内蒙古巴彦乌拉铀矿周围环境介质中放射性核素活度测量工作，收集了内蒙古铀矿周围环境、水、食品和牧草中放射性核素的基础数据。结果发现，巴彦乌拉铀矿周围居民饮用水受到严重污染，4年6批次采样结果表明，1/3的饮用水中铀均超出《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749-2022）中生活饮用水水质限值30μg/L，铀浓度超标最高至249.1μg/L。发现非常具有应用和研究意义的U富集植物，牧草红砂根部的放射性U浓度为41.6μg/kg，其叶子中放射性U元素浓度能达到242.2μg/kg。灶火壕铀矿周围有饮用井水超标的热点，应进一步系统检测和分析。草原五蓄各组织中U放射性浓度较高组织为肾、肺、胃、肠、心，肌肉组织，其中骆驼肾U浓度最高。结合已有数据，建立了内蒙古铀矿周围环境、水、食品和牧草中放射性核素的数据库，分析放射性水平对时间以及空间的依赖关系，为预警放射性对环境与公众健康的影响提供必要的数据支撑。