丝状真菌生物富集放射性核素Eu(III)和U(VI)的调控机制研究

In recent years, the issue of radionuclides pollution in the utilization of nuclear energy has aroused widespread concern. Filamentous fungi have been applied in the radionuclides pollution control, but the regulatory mechanism of the bioconcentration of the radionuclides is not yet clear, which restricts the widespread use of filamentous fungi for bioremediation. According to the above scientific problem, this project intends to take Eu(III) and U(VI) as the research objects, and the effects of radionuclides Eu(III) and U(VI) on filamentous fungi are studied by microscopic observation, physiological and biochemical analysis, XAFS analysis and transcriptome analysis. We will study bioconcentration, speciation transformation and microstructure of radionuclides Eu(III) and U(VI) in filamentous fungi, explore the effect of oxidative stress on the filamentous fungi under Eu(III) and U(VI) stress, and clarify the relationship between the Eu(III) and U(VI) speciation transformation and the degree of oxidative stress induced Eu(III) and U(VI). At the same time, the gene expression patterns in this process will be analyzed to reveal the regulation mechanism of bioconcentration from the molecular level. The results of the study will provide theoretical basis for the selection of more efficient filamentous fungi to bioremediate radionuclide contamination, and have important scientific significance and potential application value.

近年来，核能利用过程中放射性核素污染问题引起人们广泛关注。丝状真菌已经被应用到放射性核素污染治理中，但其生物富集放射性核素的调控机制尚未明确，制约了丝状真菌修复的广泛应用。针对上述科学问题，本项目拟以Eu(III)和U(VI)为研究对象，通过显微观察、生理生化，XAFS和转录组分析等方法，研究放射性核素Eu(III)和U(VI)在丝状真菌内的生物富集、形态转化和微观结构，探索放射性核素Eu(III)和U(VI)对丝状真菌氧化应激效应，明确Eu(III)和U(VI)形态转化与其产生的氧化应激程度的关联；同时，解析该过程中的基因表达规律，从分子水平上揭示其中的生物富集调控机制。研究结果将为选育更加高效的生物富集放射性核素的丝状真菌提供理论依据，具有重要的科学意义和潜在的应用价值。

本项目通过显微观察、生理生化和XAFS等方法，研究放射性核素U(VI)、Eu(III)和重金属As(V)、Pb(II)在丝状真菌内的生物富集、形态转化、微观结构和氧化应激效应；使用转录组解析U(VI)胁迫下丝状真菌的基因表达规律，从分子水平上揭示其中的生物富集调控机制。研究结果将为选育更加高效的生物富集放射性核素和重金属的丝状真菌提供理论依据，具有重要的科学意义和潜在的应用价值。在国内外著名刊期Environ Res、Molecules、J Hazard Mater、Chem Eng J、Geomicrobiol J、Arch Environ Prot、J Environ Radioact和J Radioanal Nucl Chem等期刊上发表11篇文章；申请或授权专利5项；1名博士生，3名硕士生顺利毕业和1名博士后出站。