东北人工林油松、樟子松响应升温的气候敏感性和脆弱性的树木年轮学研究

Global temperature increase not only affects the hydrothermal circulation of climate system, but also deeply affects the stability and balance of forest ecosystem on the earth. The understanding for the structure, function condition and the future development of planted forest, an extremely fragile ecosystems, and its ecosystem under climate change, are very important and significant in easing the resource and environmental crisis and maintaining regional and global ecological security. In this study, based on the principles and technologies of dendrochronology, ecology and silviculture, coupled the results of field investigation, long-term eco-monitoring and indoor analysis and experiments, the radial growth of Chinese pine （Pinus tabuliformis）and Mongolian pine （Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） in planted forest was selected to study the influence pattern, extent and mechanism of temperature increase to the response of Chinese pine and Mongolian pine's growth to climate change in northeastern China, a typical warming place in China. The study also clear the governance and development trend of Chinese pine and Mongolian pine planted forest and the related forestry under a warming climate. Based on all of these, we will optimize the control measures and management objectives of planted forest and its forestry, and perfect early warning mechanism of the ecological security of planted forest under climate change in order to cope with the accelerated warming climate condition.

全球性的温度升高不但影响气候系统水、热的变化，还深刻影响着陆地森林生态系统的稳定和平衡。在气候变化背景下，人工林作为极为脆弱的生态系统，了解其结构、功能状况及其未来的发展，对于缓解资源与环境危机，维护区域乃至全球生态安全意义重大。本研究计划，以我国升温比较显著的东北地区的人工林树种油松、樟子松树干径向生长为研究对象，利用树木年轮学、生态学和林学的理论与技术，将野外调查、长期监测和室内分析测试相结合，研究温度升高对迁地建植的人工林树种油松、樟子松响应气候变化的方式、程度和机制的影响；明确气候变暖背景下，区域油松、樟子松人工林及其林业体系的调控能力和发展趋势。进而优化人工林及其林业的调控措施和经营目标，完善气候变化背景下人工林生态安全预警机制，以应对加速变暖的气候环境。

我国的人工林体系历经数十年的建设和发展，取得成绩的同时，各种各样的问题也逐渐凸显。本计划利用树木年轮学技术，通过研究东北地区油松、樟子松人工林的（径向）生长与气候响应的特点与规律，探测油松、樟子松人工林的生长、功能状况、环境适应及其未来的发展，进而研究了温度升高对迁地建植的人工林树种油松、樟子松响应气候变化的方式、程度和机制，明确了气候变暖背景下，区域油松、樟子松人工林及其林业体系的气候调控和发展趋势。结果显示，生长季的温度和降水对树木的生长和分布起到了决定性作用，非生长季（最冷月）的温度与水分也是影响树木生长于分布的重要因素，树木对气候的敏感性和适应性存在着气候梯度变化这对优化人工林及其林业的调控措施和经营目标，完善气候变化背景下人工林生态安全预警机制，以应对加速变暖的气候环境具有指导意义。全球性的温度升高的气候背景下，人工林作为极为脆弱的生态系统，其稳定和平衡将是维护人工林生态安全的重要挑战。