电化学法制备聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩构建有机-硅纳米阵列光伏电池

In principle, radial heterojunction solar cells based on Silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWs) could be fabricated by low-purity Si and reduce the cell cost. In recent years, due to the high transparency and conductivity, solution-processed poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythio-phene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has attracted wide interests in the study of hybrid organic-SiNWs solar cells and made great progress. However, the SiNWs/PEDOT:PSS solar cell has poor reproducibility and stability because that the PEDOT:PSS film was hygroscope. On one hand, the film was extremely unstable due to the fast water uptake after the thermal treatment in atmosphere, on the other hand, the silicon surface was affected by the water which was afford by PEDOT:PSS during fabrication. In this project, we will research the reason which caused the unstable performance of the cell by combing experimental and simulated results, finding out the major factors which affect the cell performance and physical mechanisms of the cell. on that basis, we will electrochemically deposit the stable PEDOT film on the surface of SiNWs and fabricate the SiNWs/PEDOT solar cell. According to early results, change the performance of PEDOT and improve the cell power conversion efficiency. The project will be explored to fabricate low cost solar cell with cheap materials.

硅纳米阵列核-壳异质结电池原理上可使用低纯度硅构筑光伏器件实现其低成本。PEDOT:PSS因其优异的光学、电学性能和低廉的价格，被引入硅纳米阵列光伏电池中。目前硅纳米阵列/PEDOT:PSS光伏电池已引起人们的广泛关注，且并取得了不错的研究进展，但该电池性能的重现性和稳定性比较差，其原因在于PEDOT:PSS具有很强的吸水性，其自身性能在空气中很不稳定，与此同时电池在制备与放置过程中硅的表面态发生变化。本项目拟研究制备过程中硅纳米阵列/PEDOT:PSS光伏性能发生变化的原因，并将实验结果与理论模拟相结合，找出决定电池性能主要因素，揭示其潜在的物理机制；在此基础上采用电化学法在硅纳米阵列表面制备稳定的PEDOT薄膜，构建硅纳米阵列/PEDOT光伏电池，根据前期的实验结果有针对性的对电池进行优化，从而制备出稳定高效的有机-硅纳米阵列电池。本项探索利用廉价的光伏材料实现低成本的光伏电池技术。

硅/有机杂化光伏电池利用有机物薄膜可溶液合成与制备的特点，极大地简化了硅电池的制备方法，降低了硅电池的制作成本，更重要的是其可以与当前传统的硅工业兼容，因此有望在未来光伏产业中扮演重要角色。本研究通过设计新的器件结构、对原有的导电聚合物进行改性、引入新的导电聚合物等方法，对硅/有机杂化电池进行了优化，深层次的探讨了硅/有机杂化太阳电池的工作机理，其主要研究内容如下（1）采用低成本、无模板式的电化学阳极氧化法来刻蚀与制备硅微孔阵列，在此基础上制备硅/离子液体光电化学电池，极好的改善了硅表面和离子液体的接触，电池的转化效率达到4.04%，且电池的稳定性得到明显改善；（2）采用简单的溶液法制备与处理硅纳米线阵列，控制硅纳米线阵列的稀疏程度，改善硅和有机物的接触（3）在PEDOT:PSS溶液中分别掺杂高功函述的铂颗粒和金颗粒，改善PEDOT:PSS薄膜的稳定性，提高PEDOT:PSS薄膜的导电率和功函数，硅/PEDOT:PSS电池的转化效率可达到12.9%，提高了~20%；（4）采用恒电流法在硅表面电镀PEDOT薄膜，首次制备了Si/PEDOT杂化太阳能电池，极大的改善的电池的稳定性, 电池的转化效率可达7.36%。当电镀的PEDOT作为硅/PEDOT:PSS界面中的缓冲层时，硅/PEDOT:PSS电池的效率可以达到13.9%。 本研究期望采用更简单的加工工艺制备出高性能、低成本及高稳定性的硅/有机杂化光伏电池。