静止卫星时空谱联合的热红外地表温度/发射率同时反演方法研究

Time-series land surface temperature and surface emissivity are important physical parameters in the process of land atmosphere interaction. There is great important sense in global change, climate, meteorology and hydrology. Geostationary satellites are effective way to obtain daily time-series land surface temperature / emissivity. The atmospheric correction for high frequency thermal infrared data, and land surface temperature / surface emissivity separation from time series thermal infrared data are the core problems to be solved urgently in the application of hyperspectral infrared thermal imaging. At present, the inversion method of the temperature / emissivity of stationary satellite is single and low in precision. To facilitate geostationary satellite high temporal and spectral resolution, this study uses atmospheric radiation relevance between the adjacent observation time, the fine atmospheric absorption spectral characteristics of atmospheric radiation, and local spatial information, a new atmospheric correction method will be developed by coupling the time / space / spectral information from thermal infrared hyperspectral data. Then, exploring the physical constraints of the time dimension (temperature) and spectral dimension (emissivity), a new algorithm of surface temperature / emissivity from geostationary time-series hyperspectral thermal infrared data. Finally, the accuracy of algorithms will be validation based on field observation data. This study can provide technical support for the application of domestic geostationary satellite data, which has very important theoretical and practical value.

时序地表温度和发射率是地气相互作用过程中重要的物理参数，在全球变化、气候、气象和水文研究具有重要意义，静止卫星是获取每日长时间序列地表温度/发射率数据的有效手段。高频次热红外数据大气校正、时序数据地表温度/地表发射率分离是目前静止卫星高光谱热红外遥感定量化应用的关键核心。针对目前静止卫星温度/发射率反演方法单一、精度较低问题，本研究拟利用静止卫星高时间、高光谱分辨率优势，以相邻观测时刻大气辐射关联性、高光谱热红外精细大气吸收光谱特征以及局部空间大气辐射信息为切入点，发展时/空/谱多重信息耦合的时序热红外高光谱数据大气校正新方法；在此基础上，探索温度时间维\发射率光谱维的物理约束条件，发展时序热红外数据地表温度/发射率同时反演新算法，提高静止卫星地表温度/发射率反演精度；最后，基于野外观测试验检验模型精度。本研究可为国产静止卫星数据的应用提供技术支撑，具有非常重要的理论和应用价值。

地表温度是区域和全球尺度上地表能量平衡和水循环过程中的关键参数，国际地圈生物圈计划将地表温度列为优先测定的参数之一。地表发射率作为表征地表特征的固有属性，是植被生态、农业、地质、环境和大气科学研究中的基础参数，也是地表温度反演的关键参数。针对静止卫星高光谱热红外载荷高时间/高光谱分辨率特点，开展了静止卫星高光谱热红外地表温度与发射率反演方法研究，形成了一套时空谱联合的静止卫星热红外高光谱数据大气校正方法，提出了基于地表温度线性化的时序热红外数据地表温度与发射率反演方法，提出了基于发射率稀疏的高光谱热红外地表温度与发射率反演方法，并利用地面实测数据对反演方法进行了验证；发表了SCI论文3篇，EI论文4篇，申请国家发明专利1项，培养硕士生2名，撰写了年度总结报告和项目总结报告，完成了项目研究目标和研究内容，为我国静止卫星高光谱热红外定量信息提取提供科技支撑和技术储备。