The tumor suppression gene BRCA1 plays crucial role in DNA damage response and DNA repair. Breast cancer cases are often attributed to germline mutations of BRCA1, conferring lifetime risks of up to 90 % in the mutation women carriers for developing breast cancer. PARP inhibitors are emerging anticancer drugs for the chemotherapy of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer, and are attracting much attention of oncologic scientists. However, the chemotherapy mechanism of PARP inhibitor is far from clear, which affects the outcome of clinical treatment if the wrong targets are selected. Our recent finding reveals that PAR synthesized by PARP binds the BRCTs domain of BARD1, which mediates the quick recruitment of BRCA1/BARD1 complex to DNA damage sites. Inhibition of PARP suppresses the quick recruitment of BRCA1/BARD1. Thus, that work for the first time uncovered the molecular link between PARP and BRCA1. In this current proposal, by using Parp1-/- knockout MEFs and xenograft tumor mice model, we plan to study the sensitivity of the cancer cells bearing different BRCA1 mutations to PARP inhibitor, and to decipher the molecular mechanism of PARP inhibitor in breast cancer chemotherapy. This work will provide the specific targets for the treatment of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer, as well as the scientific basis for designing new PARP inhibitors.
抑癌基因BRCA1是DNA损伤修复的核心分子之一,女性BRCA1突变会导致其一生中有高达90%的风险患乳腺癌。作为新一类治疗BRCA1缺陷乳腺癌的化疗药物,PARP抑制剂近年来倍受研究者关注。然而人们对PARP抑制剂的化疗机制仍不了解,这大大阻碍了该药的临床转化与治疗效果。申请人的前期工作发现PARP的生物合成物PAR可通过BARD1-BRCTs结构域与BRCA1/BARD1复合体结合,介导了BRCA1快速募集到DNA损伤位点;抑制PARP则阻断了BRCA1的快速募集,首次建立了PARP与BRCA1的分子联系。本项目将利用Parp1敲除MEFs与BRCA1突变肿瘤移植小鼠等模型,应用分子生物学、生物化学等手段,探讨不同BRCA1突变乳腺癌对PARP抑制剂的敏感性,揭示PARP抑制剂的化疗机制,为BRCA1缺陷乳腺癌的个体化治疗提供精准靶点,以及设计新一类PARP抑制剂提供理论依据。
本项目按计划完成相应研究内容。在项目的资助下,我们构建了Brca1缺陷乳腺癌小鼠模型,发现该模型可模拟临床乳腺癌的发生,以及对PARP抑制剂化疗效果的评估。在此基础上,我们探索了乳腺中雌激素及其代谢物的水平,以及代谢物对乳腺组织基因组稳定性的影响,发现雌激素代谢物与基因组中的嘌呤碱基反应,形成DNA脱嘌呤加合物,导致基因组产生大量DNA单链损伤,并进一步恶化为双链损伤。当乳腺组织缺失BRCA1时,上述损伤不能被修复,最终导致乳腺整体的基因组紊乱和肿瘤发生;当对上述癌细胞施加PARP抑制剂时,可与BRCA1缺陷所导致的同源重组修复失败形成联合打击效应,有效杀死癌细胞。与此同时,在临床病例筛查中,我们发现一个典型的遗传型乳腺癌/卵巢癌家系,该家系中有5人患有乳腺癌或卵巢癌。通过全基因组测序及生物信息分析,我们发现BRCA1结合蛋白BARD1基因中含有四个突变(P24S, S241C, R378S, V507M)。这些单突变均不产生表型,而P24S和R378S双突变顺式存在于肿瘤患者中,且导致BRCA1/BARD1复合体DNA损伤应激反应减弱,基因组修复失败,从而导致基因组紊乱及乳腺癌发生,且该家系癌症患者适用于PARP抑制剂的治疗。以上结果证明了该双突变具有BRCAness的特性,拓展了PARP抑制剂的临床适用范围。相关研究成果部分已整理完成并投稿,另一部分已发表于Cancer Research。 .在项目的资助下,我们还筛选了可用于乳腺癌治疗的潜在天然产物药物。发现泽泻醇A可显著抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖。在机制上,泽泻醇A可诱导G1期细胞周期阻滞、细胞自噬和细胞内活性氧生成,推测泽泻醇A可通过诱导ROS及DNA损伤,导致乳腺癌细胞的自噬依赖性细胞凋亡。相关研究成果发表于Oncology Reports、Journal of Molecular Cell Biology。基于我们对BRCA1缺陷乳腺癌发病机理及PARP抑制剂化疗机制的贡献,我们还特邀撰写题为‘Tissue specificity of DNA damage response and tumorigenesis’的综述,发表于Cancer Biology & Medicine。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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