基于混合LCA模型的非农产品虚拟水量化研究--以黑河流域张掖市为例

Calculation amount of virtual water contented in products is the start of research involved it. The traditional virtual water calculation methods are mainly for crop and animal products, which could not be an effective solution to the quantification of virtual water in industrial products and service goods. Moreove,the blus and grey water should be distinguished from virtual water. Essentially, virtual water calculation method is consistent with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method, an international popular technology in industrial ecology. Introducing Hybrid LCA model, the latest developments in the LCA technology, which combines the PLCA (LCA based on process analysis) with the perspective of micro-production and the EIO_LCA model (Economic Input-output based LCA) with the perspective of macro demand, the project tries to improve the method of virtual water, especially as to industrial products and service goods. Taking the typical industrial and service goods, in Zhangye City in Heihe River Basin, an arid inland river basin area which is significantly to virtual water strategy, as a case, the research employs the regional input-output model, wishing to make up for the limitation of the method in traditional measurement of virtual water. In additional, the application of Hybrid LCA model in virtual water study is also expected to provide useful reference to the studies in virtual water,the water footprint and water management studies.

产品虚拟水量化是虚拟水研究的出发点。传统虚拟水测算方法主要针对农牧产品，对非农产品虚拟水量化研究不足，特别是对非农产品蓝水、灰水的特殊性研究有待加强。 虚拟水的测算方法本质上与产业生态学中生命周期评估（Life Cycle Assessment，简称LCA）方法一致。本项目引入LCA技术中最新发展的混合LCA模型，将微观层面基于流程的PLCA方法与宏观层面基于投入产出模型的EIO_LCA技术相结合，选择对虚拟水研究具有重要意义的干旱内陆河流域地区--黑河流域张掖市典型工业与服务品，开展非农产品量化研究。通过工业与服务品蓝水、灰水的分类，以及利用详细区分本地与外地消耗的地区投入产出模型，针对性改进虚拟水量化研究，以弥补传统虚拟水测算方法上的不足。该方法的应用将为水足迹、虚拟水贸易以及虚拟水战略等研究提供新的参考，并将促进生态经济学、产业生态学以及环境科学等学科的交叉创新，把软科学做"硬"。

本项目按照计划内容引入LCA技术中最新发展的混合LCA模型，选择对虚拟水研究具有重要意义的干旱内陆河流域地区——黑河流域张掖市典型工业与服务品，开展非农产品量化研究。.利用详细区分本地与外地消耗的地区投入产出模型，以及国内外环境经济数据库资料，结合典型调查，并区分品蓝水、灰水分类，针对性建立的混合LCA评价模型改进非农产品水足迹量化研究。.选取工业品代表产品——张掖市火力发电行业，测算得到其水足迹为49.5766m3·GJ-1。直接水足迹占39.1%，间接水足迹占60.9%。从不同的生命周期阶段分析，24.1598 m3·GJ-1来源于采掘过程，6.0399 m3·GJ-1来源于洗选过程，15.413 m3·GJ-1来源于发电过程，3.9639 m3·GJ-1来源于污水排放过程。本地间接水足迹为25.4 m3·GJ-1,外地间接水足迹为4.8 m3·GJ-1，外地水足迹调入最多的是建筑业。服务品产品以张掖市酒店服务业为例，测算其水足迹总量约为16.27×104 m3，其中，间接消耗约为14.01×104 m3，占水足迹总量的86%，是造成水足迹总量较大的主要因素。酒店服务业水足迹基本是以间接消耗为主，蕴含的水足迹主要来自生产过程中的用水量投入。.该方法的应用将为水足迹、虚拟水贸易以及虚拟水战略等研究提供新的参考，并将促进生态经济学、产业生态学以及环境科学等学科的交叉创新。