贵州水稻地方品种资源食味相关品质的关联分析与优异品质资源挖掘

Excellent rice germplasm resources are abundant in Guizhou Province. Many rice landraces in Guizhou have the characteristics of good quality, rich aromatic flavor and delicious eating quality, which is of great value in research and utilization. In this project, three hundred and seventy four representational rice landraces and cultivars in Guizhou are collected as materials, and we use 62 gene markers located in 20 rice starch biosynthesizing genes and 18 gene markers located in different polymorphic site of Badh2 for genotyping, to determine the distribution of haplotypes and the combinative characteristics of allelic variation in rice materials. Combining the above genotyping and phenotyping of eating quality-related traits such as starch physiochemical traits, cooked rice grain quality and cooked rice texture, association analysis is carried out to mining new allelic variation controlling eating quality-related traits and good-quality varieties resource, and ascertain the internal relationships among eating quality-related traits, further to determine the pleiotropic effects of starch biosynthesizing genes on eating quality-related traits and reveal the molecular mechanism determining good quality of rice landraces in Guizhou. These results will provide theoretical basis and good-quality varieties resource for grain quality rice breeding.

贵州蕴含丰富的优异稻种资源，且贵州水稻地方品种多具有米质优良、香味浓郁、米饭质佳味美等特点，具有极大的研究和利用价值。本项目拟以收集的374份具有代表性的贵州水稻地方品种为研究群体材料，选用20个水稻淀粉合成基因的62个分子标记和香味基因（Badh2）不同多态位点的18个分子标记鉴定其基因型，明确其单倍型分布及品种等位变异的组合特征；结合食味相关品质如淀粉理化性状、米饭特性、米饭质构特性及香味性状等表型，利用关联分析挖掘贵州水稻地方品种资源中控制食味相关品质的新等位变异和优异品质资源，探明淀粉理化性质与米饭特性、米饭质构特性之间的内在联系，并进一步明确淀粉合成基因对食味相关品质的一因多效作用，从而揭示贵州地方水稻品种优异品质形成的分子机理，为我国水稻品质育种提供理论依据和优异种质资源。

贵州蕴含丰富的优异稻种资源，但是其研究和利用比较初级、分散，导致对其挖掘和利用力度还不够深入。本项目以420份地方稻种资源为研究材料，利用56个SSR标记完成了对贵州地方水稻品种资源的遗传多样性评价和群体遗传结构分析；利用20个淀粉合成相关基因的62个分子标记对贵州地方水稻资源进行基因分型和单倍型分析，系统分析贵州地方品种资源的淀粉合成基因等位基因变异类型；并在群体结构的基础上进行食味品质的关联分析，结果表明22个标记位点与食味相关品质存在显著或极显著的关联，剖析了贵州地方稻种资源稻米食味品质相关的表型变异的分子基础；并通过对贵州地方水稻资源的稻米品质性状的调查鉴定，明确贵州地方水稻稻米品质特点，挖掘优良食味和特异品质水稻资源，为贵州地方稻种资源利用、水稻品质育种提供依据和材料支撑。