热毯式海底热流原位探测技术

Seafloor heat flow is the heat loss from the earth interior through the bottom of the sea，Seafloor heat flow can provide basic data for the seafloor resources evaluation and geodynamics research. Currently, seafloor heat flow data mainly acquires from the seafloor with sediment depending on heat flow probe. Heat flow probe is not used for rare rock seafloor, leading to serious lack of the heat flow data in the mid-ocean ridge with large amount of rare rock, which thermal activity is active in the earth. Therefore, it is need to develop new seafloor heat flow explore tool. This project comes up with a non-penetrated thermal blanket to investigate the heat flow of rare rock seafloor. The principle is to acquire heat flow according to the Fourier equation, through adopting flexible blanket material fits with rare rock, then measuring heat conductivity and measuring temperature gradient of the blanket in-situ. The accurate determination of the thermal conductivity and temperature gradient is the key and difficult point of the method.The project plans to settle the trouble of measuring the heat conductivity accurately through analysis of error source on the basis of test in Lab. The emphasis is to solve the puzzle of the fitness of blanket and seafloor and lateral heat loss through experiment research and mechanical design to realize measuring temperature gradient in-situ. This project aims to study a rare rock heat flow in situ measurement technology, developed a set of principle prototype. Successful implementation of project will break the technical bottleneck that obtains heat flow data from mid-ocean ridge spreading center which is the optimum heat flow research area, and will promote in-depth study of submarine heat flow.

海底热流是地球内部通过海底的热散失，开展海底热流探测可为海底资源评价和地球动力学研究提供基础数据。目前海底热流数据主要依赖热流探针在有沉积物的海底获取。对于没有沉积物的岩石海底热流探针并不适用，导致拥有大量岩石海底，地球上热活动最活跃的大洋中脊热流数据严重匮乏。因此，需要研制新的海底热流探测手段。本项目提出了一种适用于岩石海底的热毯式热流探测方法。其原理是采用柔性热毯材料与海底岩石贴合，测定导热系数k和原位测量热毯温度梯度，由傅里叶公式获得热流值。其中准确测定导热系数和温度梯度是该方法的关键和难点。项目拟通过试验分析误差来源解决导热系数准确测量问题；重点是通过实验研究结合结构设计解决热毯与海底耦合和侧向散热难题，实现温度梯度原位测量。项目旨在研究一种岩石海底热毯热流原位测量技术，研制原理样机一套。项目成功实施将打破岩石海底热流原位探测的技术瓶颈，推动海底热流的全面深入研究。

海底热流是地球内部通过海底的热散失，开展海底热流探测可为海底资源评价和地球动力学研究提供基础数据。目前海底热流数据主要依赖热流探针在有沉积物的海底获取。对于没有沉积物的岩石海底热流探针并不适用，导致拥有大量岩石海底，地球上热活动最活跃的大洋中脊热流数据严重匮乏。因此，需要研制新的海底热流探测手段。本项目提出了一种适用于岩石海底的热毯式热流探测方法。其原理是采用柔性热毯材料与海底岩石贴合，测定导热系数k和原位测量热毯温度梯度，由傅里叶公式获得热流值。其中准确测定导热系数和温度梯度是该方法的关键和难点。项目通过试验分析误差来源解决了导热系数准确测量问题；重点是通过实验研究结合结构设计解决了热毯与海底耦合和侧向散热难题，实现了温度梯度原位测量。项目筛选了近30种不同材料和规格的热毯材料，对其海底环境下的众多物理特性进行了试验研究，综合其耐压特性、热传导特性、柔韧性等成功地选出了适合基岩海底热流测量的材料。在此基础上，通过室内和现场试验确定了热毯盖层的形状、直径、厚度等设计参数最终研制出原理样机一套。最后对热毯系统投抛式布放技术及自动回收技术进行了评估研究。项目成功实施将打破岩石海底热流原位探测的技术瓶颈，有利于推动海底热流的全面深入研究。项目的成果可用于基岩海底、沉积物海底等多底质海洋热流原位探测及监测。其应用包括大洋中脊、俯冲带等热活跃海底区域的热结构研究，可燃冰开采沉积物稳定性监测和评价，海上风电输电电缆对海底热状态的影响评估等诸多领域。