基于时空分析的海洋浮标站位布局规划决策支持方法研究

This project is motivated by the practical and urgent problems of the reasonable evaluation of the layout and observing-sites location of ocean buoys, and focuses on study methods to evaluate and optimize allocation of ocean buoys in order to provide decision support for the layout planning of ocean buoy stations and solve the existing problems regarding to the ocean buoy deployment, such as unreasonable layout , repeated monitoring, blank monitoring ,and so on. Firstly, aiming at the effective expression of the spatial proximity of the marine monitoring points, a K-order neighborhood matrix with Voronoi distance as weights is constructed and a fast lookup and dynamic updating mechanism of the spatial points in the neighborhood is established. Then, by considering the spatial correlation and heterogeneity of buoy sites and observation values, a method for evaluating the rationality of ocean buoy layout, including different spatial influence range models for different ocean phenomena and observing elements with combination of distance attenuation coefficients to calculate the effective coverage area of observing stations is proposed, the proposed spatial correlation measurement function according to analyzing time series data of seawater temperature, salinity and density to calculate spatial influencing factor of each site. Finally, based on the spatial neighborhood model, the spatial location model of ocean buoy stations, which is constrained by the coverage area, spatial influencing factor and distance attenuation coefficients is studied by conducting a objective function of the ocean buoy spatial location and solving it by the heuristic algorithm of Particle Swarm Optimization，in order to achieve the optimization of ocean buoy spatial layout.

针对海洋浮标布局合理性评价与布放选址实际紧迫问题出发，本项目研究优化与评价海洋浮标站位布局的方法，以期为海洋浮标站位布局规划提供决策支持，解决海洋浮标布放存在的布局不合理、重复监测、空白监测等问题。首先，针对海洋监测点位空间邻近度有效表达问题，研究构建以Voronoi距离为权值的K-阶邻域矩阵，并建立邻域空间点位的快速查找与动态更新机制。然后，考虑浮标站点及监测数值的空间相关性与异质性，建立评价海洋浮标站位布局合理性的方法，包括针对不同海洋现象和要素研究建立不同的空间影响范围模型，并结合距离衰减系数研究海洋浮标站位有效覆盖面积计算方法；针对温盐密时序数据分析研究海洋监测点位空间相关度测量函数,计算各点位空间影响因子。最后，基于空间邻域模型，研究以覆盖面积、空间影响因子和距离衰减系数为约束的海洋监测站点选址优化模型，建立选址目标函数，采用粒子群启发式算法进行求解，实现海洋浮标空间布局优化。

海洋浮标在全球海洋环境监测中发挥着重要作用。海洋浮标站位布局规划的目标是合理规划浮标的布放位置，形成多浮标站位组网观测的格局，扩大对海洋的整体监测面积。针对海洋浮标布局规划问题，本项目研究并建立了海洋浮标布局合理性评价方法以及浮标站位智能选址模型。从海洋浮标站位分析出发，建立了一种基于空间分析的海洋浮标站位布局合理性评价方法；创新性地提出了浮标站位连续覆盖选址模型，设计并实现高性能启发式算法解决了连续选址模型求解问题。针对中国莱州湾水团监测浮标站位选址问题，建立了浮标观测网可持续多空间尺度规划方案。在此基础上，开发了基于空间信息网络基础设施的GIS分析系统，为海洋浮标站位规划提供决策支持服务。 .本项目立足于国内海洋浮标观测网规划需求，瞄准国际前沿，研究具有动态自适应性、智能化的海洋浮标站位选址模型，突破实时快速空间邻域计算、空间效率因子计算、选址模型优化、选址模型智能化求解等关键问题。本项目研究成果解决了浮标站位难以科学选择的问题，提高了浮标站位选择的科学性和有效性，实现了浮标站位的快速高效选择，填补浮标站位智能化选址的空白，能够为近远海浮标监测网布局规划提供有力的科学方法支撑。