TBM掘进机构环境适应性设计理论与方法研究

TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine) is one of the key technical equipments urgently required by major construction, military and national defense projects, during the working process, its thruster mechanism needs to transfer the great propulsion forces from the propulsion cylinders to the excavation surface via the thruster mechanism and the cutting wheel with high efficiency, and to transfer the interrupt dynamical payload and intense vibration from the excavation surface to the gripper surface via its thruster mechanism , gripper mechanism, and gripper shoes with high precision. This project focuses on how to propose a scientific design and evaluation index of this kind of mechanism, and how to develop a new approach to conclude its effective design method..This project is expected to study the inherent laws of the driving force transmission, the resisting force transmission and the contacting force transmission between the TBM thruster mechanism(TBM-TM) and the environment under ultimate heavy payloads firstly, then to propose the mechanical environment adaptability design and evaluation index of TBM-TM, and then to reveal its working ability and the internal relations among the index mentioned above and the mechanical structure parameters(including its dimensions, configuration and shape), and then to reveal the change regulations within its working domain(including mechanical working space and payload applying space), and to propose the mechanical environment adaptability design theory and method finally. This project would explore a new kind of TBM-TM, then develop its experiment platform to test for mechanical environment adaptability, and to verify the scientificalness of the proposed design and evaluation index and the effectiveness of the proposed design method. The research results would break through the limitation of present condition which evaluation method could only adapt to a single working condition or be incapable of evaluating the properties of a contacting force transmission condition, thus would be proven to have a realistic meaning towards TBM innovation design activates and engineering applications.

TBM是我国重点工程建设、军事与国防工程所急需的重大技术装备，其掘进机构在工作过程中，需要将大推力经掘进机构、刀盘高效地传递至掘进面，将来自掘进面的大突变及强振动载荷，经掘进机构、支撑机构及撑靴接触面精准地传递至支撑面。如何提出科学合理的设计与评价指标，及有效的设计方法达到所述目标，是本项目探索的焦点。.本项目拟研究TBM在极限载荷作用下，其掘进机构与环境间动力、阻力及界面接触力传递规律，据此提出其环境适应性设计与评价指标；揭示其工作能力及所述指标与机构尺度、构型及构形间的内在关系，及其在工作域（即机构运动空间与载荷作用空间）内的变化规律，提出其环境适应性设计理论与方法。发展新的TBM掘进机构，开发其环境适应性试验平台，验证所述指标的科学性及所述方法的有效性。突破现有评价方法未考虑TBM多种不同作业工况及接触力传递性能评价的局限，研究结果将对TBM的创新设计与工程实际应用有现实意义。

TBM是我国重点工程建设、军事与国防工程所急需的重大技术装备，在支撑、推进、转向、纠偏作业时，其推进机构需借助撑靴与围岩接触力产生摩擦力，来抗衡掘进面大突变、非均布或强振动载荷所构成的切削阻力，实现大推力和精准掘进运动传递，并避免关键件失效。研究如何实现掘进动力、切削阻力及支撑接触力高效传递的基础科学问题，对创新TBM掘进机具有重要意义。本项目提出了新的TBM掘进机构环境适应性设计理论与方法，并围绕力传递模型建立、力传递效率与环境适应性的评价与优化等关键科学问题，开展以下研究工作：.探讨了推进机构如不能适应掘进动力与运动精确传递要求，造成掘进效率低下、调向不准、纠偏困难问题；或不能适应切削阻力定向承载要求，造成关键件失效、易于偏航或蛇行问题；以及支撑机构如不能适应对接触力均匀传递要求，造成支撑力不足、支撑不稳固或不可靠问题。针对所述问题分别提出了相应物理意义明确的掘进动力、切削阻力与支撑接触力传递性能评价指标，构建了掘进机构环境适应性设计与评价指标及其冲突消解方法，建立了其环境适应性计理论。.以现有典型TBM为例，建立了其动力/阻力传递模型，研究了其力传递性能与运动尺度、工作空间、载荷作用空间之关系，优化了其尺度参数。针对其性能不足，提出了可重构的具有完整约束的新型推进机构，该机构力传递效率高、调向精准、纠偏及时，其力传递性能显著优于现有机构。.以现有典型支撑机构为例，建立了其撑靴与围岩接触力传递模型，研究了其力传递性能与撑靴拓扑构形及围岩特性之关系，提出了其优化方法。针对其性能不足，提出了新的双Y型支撑机构，该机构采用软撑靴、撑靴两端与围岩先接触构形，其接触力分布均匀、支撑稳固、可靠，其力传递性能显著优于现有机构。.以所述新型推进机构及支撑机构为基础，按1:10缩尺比，开发了新型掘进机构样机及其测试试验平台，对机构进运动功能及力传递性能有效性进行了验证。研究成果将为新型TBM掘进机构开发与设计提供理论基础及应用实例。