过鱼设施集诱鱼流态塑造与典型鱼类洄游的生态行为学响应机制

The most central issue for an effective fish pass facility is to reasonable set up the inlet for fish gathering and attraction. The main difficulty focuses on locating the migratory routes and gathering area. By creating the flow pattern by modifying inlet structure, it is expected to guide the fish found the inlet for positive Rheotaxis .The biological behavior irritated by flow during migration process is the object of this study. By combining hydraulics, ecological theory, the field investigation, in situ experiment, physical test and numerical modeling methods have been used in this case..The study is expected to be resolved evaluation for fish gathering and attraction and creating appropriate flow pattern. According to the biological behavior for typical fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the quantitative description is used for build the response mechanism between hydraulics and biological behavior. The analysis of the suitable habitat hydraulics conditions is also can be given for achieve the final goal, which could be assessing the fish pass facility effect and predict the fish schooling.

过鱼设施首先需要解决进口集诱鱼问题，难点在于定位洄游鱼类在坝址下游的上溯路线和聚集区域，据此选择过鱼设施的进口位置。合理设计进口结构，通过塑造主动诱导流态引导鱼类产生正趋流性反应，从行为上响应吸引流而主动进入或被导入集诱鱼设施。.本研究重点关注鱼类在洄游过程中，受环境水流变化刺激下的行为反应。交叉融合水力学与生态学理论，紧密结合生态调查、原位观测、物理模型试验和数值模拟的方法。.研究着力解决过鱼设施运行中的坝下集诱鱼效果评估与适宜流态塑造这一科学问题，针对长江中上游典型鱼类的生态行为学特征，定量识别鱼类集群效应与上溯路线，解构生态行为对流态的响应机制。提出适宜鱼类洄游需求的生境水力学条件，塑造主动诱导鱼群集群与趋流的水流流态，解决过鱼设施进口设置技术难题。最终目标是实现对过鱼设施效果定量评估和对鱼群行为的预测。

该项目以河流开发与保护协调发展的需求为导向，聚焦限制性科学问题。通过深化完善生态水力学理论，以解决生境连通为目标系统开展研究。研究核心问题是解决过鱼设施进口的布置和集诱鱼效果；难点在于定位洄游鱼类在坝址下游的上溯路线和聚集区域，据此选择过鱼设施的进口位置，合理设计进口结构，通过塑造主动诱导流态引导鱼类产生正趋流性反应，促使其从行为上响应吸引流而主动进入或被导入集诱鱼设施。.本研究重点关注鱼类在洄游过程中，受环境水流变化刺激下的行为反应。交叉融合水力学与生态学理论，紧密结合生态调查、原位观测、物理模型试验和数值模拟的方法。研究着力解决过鱼设施运行中的坝下集诱鱼效果评估与适宜流态塑造这一科学问题，针对长江中上游典型鱼类的生态行为学特征，定量识别鱼类集群效应与上溯路线，解构生态行为对流态的响应机制。提出适宜鱼类洄游需求的生境水力学条件，塑造主动诱导鱼群集群与趋流的水流流态，解决过鱼设施进口设置技术难题。完成研究预设目标，实现对过鱼设施效果定量评估和对鱼群行为的预测。.项目在研究期内共发表论文16篇，其中SCI论文7篇，EI论文2篇，获发明专利授权2项，完成项目预期目标。