岸基信息支持下的海运船舶智能导航方法研究

According to the demand of seagoing ship in the field of safety and efficiency, combining with the e-navigation strategy promoted by International Maritime Organization around the world, using the advanced information and intelligent technology, the project would research the intelligent process and display method of navigation information based on sailing condition and business logic, through which the marine navigation system could automatically understand the environment around the ship and officer’s intention, that is to say the right information would be provided for the officer on watch at the right time. And the early warning theory about navigation risk in narrow water under the support of shore-based information would also be researched in this project, which would help the operation of collision avoidance, riff avoidance and anti-ground by monitoring and analyzing sailing condition, dynamic and static targets. Besides, the method about intelligent decision-making for navigation would be researched under the support of shore-based information, such as vessel traffic service information, hydrologic information, and pilotage service information. At last, based on the existing Electronic Chart Display and Information System, the next generation of intelligent navigation system would be developed and tested on seagoing ships. The project would solve the core theory of intelligent navigation in the environment of e-navigation, which would lead the development of intelligent navigation instrument. Meanwhile, the result of the project would lay a solid foundation for the theory and technology of the future unmanned ship.

针对海运船舶安全高效航行的重大需求，结合当前国际海事组织在全球范围内推行的“e-航海”战略，运用先进的信息技术和智能化思想，研究基于船舶航行条件和业务逻辑的航海信息智能处理与显示方法，自动感知船舶航行环境和条件以及航行意图，“在恰当的时机提供恰当的信息”；研究岸基信息支持下的狭窄水域中船舶航行风险预警理论，对狭窄水域中本船周围静动态目标和航行条件进行实时分析与监测，实现船舶避碰、避礁、防搁浅一体化预警；研究基于船舶交管信息、航路水文信息、引航服务信息等典型岸基支持信息的船舶航行智能决策方法；基于现有电子海图显示与信息系统，研制新一代智能化的船舶导航试验系统，并在远洋船舶上进行实船验证。项目的研究将解决“e-航海”环境下船舶智能导航的核心理论问题，引领船舶智能导航仪器的研发；同时，也为未来无人驾驶船舶的研究奠定坚实的理论和技术基础。

本项目针对海运船舶安全高效航行的重大需求，研究岸基信息支持下的海运船舶智能导航方法。研究内容已按计划全部完成，取得的主要成果如下：.1. 研究了面向航海任务的船端信息和岸基支持信息的智能处理与显示方法。提出了船端信息和岸基支持信息的综合处理方法，形成了这两类信息在船舶综合导航系统设备上集成与融合的理论和技术；提出了航海任务模式识别方法，可根据船舶所处的位置和航行状态，自动判断航海任务模式；提出了面向航海任务的导航信息智能显示方法，设计了不同航海任务下的信息显示风格，给出了信息显示优先级和显示方法。.2. 研究了岸基信息支持下的狭窄水域中船舶航行风险预警理论。提出了岸基信息支持下的狭窄水域中航行风险因素识别方法，建立了狭窄水域中典型航行场景下的航行风险因素层次模型；提出了岸基信息支持下的狭窄水域中航行风险预警智能模型，采用模糊规则推理方法对船舶航行风险进行评估，进而实现船舶风险预警。.3. 研究了典型岸基信息支持下的智能航行决策方法。提出了基于岸基水文信息的自动避礁、防搁浅航线规划方法，采用改进的蚁群算法和深度强化学习算法对船舶进行最优航线规划；提出了基于引航信息的船舶进出港航行计划制定方法，解决了海上引航调度任务分配问题，合理地分配引航资源；提出了基于VTS助航信息的船舶意图识别与操纵决策方法，采用改进的速度障碍法和粒子群优化算法制定船舶避让决策。.4. 研制了下一代智能化的ECDIS试验系统并进行了实船验证。综合运用本项目的理论研究成果，实现了岸基信息智能化处理与显示、智能风险预警和智能航行决策等功能，研制了智能化的ECDIS试验系统。在大连海事大学专业远洋教学实习船“育鲲”轮以及渤海湾航行的客货滚装船上对该试验系统进行了实船试验验证。.