物理瞬态有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究

In recent years, transient electronics have become one of the hottest areas in green electronic technology and defense security, because they can physically disappear, in whole or in part, at a controlled rate within a given period after they have served the targeted function. Transient power supply is an essential component for such transient systems in guaranting their stable operation to achieve fully transiency. While organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that can convert solar energy into electric power, have become the most promising candidates as power supply devices in virtue of their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost and flexibility. Therefore, physically transient PSCs are highly desirable for future efficient and transient power supply technology. To this end, this project will study the physically transient PSCs from material selection, device preparation and degradation process control. The effect of physical and chemical properties of materials, devices structure and fabrication process on the photovoltaic performance and degradation process of devices will be studied deeply, aiming to exploring the methods for precious control of the physically vanish rates and times. Through this project, a model on the relationship between the device photovoltaic performance and degradation process will be established, and fabrication technology for highly-efficient PSCs based on degradable substrates will also be developed. Besides, it is expected to obtain a series of high performance transient PSCs with controllable degradation rates and times. This project aims at laying the foundation for realization of transient solar power technology, and thus promoting the development of the perovskite photovoltaic technology and transient electronic technology in China.

近年来，物理瞬态电子器件由于能够在规定的速率和时间内物理消失而成为绿色电子和国防安全领域研究的热点。物理瞬态电源器件是驱动瞬态电子器件稳定运行，实现全瞬态电子体系的关键。其中，有机无机钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）因为能直接将太阳能转化为电能，且具备光电转换效率高、成本低、柔性等优势，成为新一代电子学领域的热门备选供电装置。因此，物理瞬态PSCs是实现高效、瞬态供电技术的最有效途径之一。本项目针对缺乏研究的物理瞬态太阳能供电技术，从材料选择、器件制备与降解过程调控这三个方面研究物理瞬态PSCs。通过系统研究材料性质、器件结构及制备工艺对器件光伏性能和降解过程的影响规律，得到控制器件降解速率和时间的方法，建立光伏性能与降解过程关系的物理模型，获得降解速率及时间可控的高性能瞬态PSCs，开发出在新型可降解衬底上制备PSCs的核心技术，为实现高效瞬态太阳能供电技术奠定基础。

物理瞬态电子器件由于能在规定的时间和速率内物理消失而成为绿色电子和国防安全领域的研究热点。物理瞬态电源器件是驱动瞬态电子系统稳定运行，实现全瞬态电子体系的关键。有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池带隙可调、光吸收系数高、光电转换效率高（25.5%）等突出优势，使得钙钛矿电池成为新一代电子器件的热门备选供电装置。本项目针对缺乏研究的物理瞬态太阳能供电技术，聚焦高效物理瞬态钙钛矿电池的核心问题：材料制备、器件结构设计、关键工艺研发和降解过程调控展开攻关。完成了高质量钙钛矿薄膜和高效钙钛矿电池的制备，获得可降解柔性衬底和太阳能电池关键制备工艺以及调控材料与电池降解速率的方法。.首先系统研究了原位钝化、溶剂辅助再生长、溶剂后处理和界面修饰对钙钛矿薄膜微观形貌及界面载流子传输特性的影响，揭示了溶液法制备钙钛矿薄膜的成膜机理，以及薄膜缺陷、载流子输运与器件光伏性能之间的作用机制，实现了效率>21%的高可靠PSCs。.基于Ag/MoOx、Ag/V2O5、Ag/TeO2透明电极开展了半透明钙钛矿电池的制备，研究发现MoOx等光耦合层通过对透射光与反射光的比例进行重新分配，提高了Ag电极的透光性，减少了对光的反射，还作为背反射器增强有效层对环境自然光的吸收，从而增大电池的光吸收量，显著提高了器件的双面短路电流密度。最终获得ITO侧PCE>20%，Ag顶电极侧PCE>17%的高效半透明钙钛矿电池。基于低温ALD TiO2电子传输层开展了低温钙钛矿电池的研究，相较溶液法TiO2，低温ALD-TiO2电子层表面粗糙度降低，薄膜均一性好，有效提高了钙钛矿薄膜的结晶度和致密性，最终实现了19.45%的效率。.针对物理瞬态太阳能电池，通过研究衬底材料性质、器件结构及制备工艺对可降解衬底和太阳能电池光伏性能与降解速率的影响规律，开发出物理瞬态太阳能电池关键工艺及控制材料和器件降解速率的方法，得到降解时间10 s到1 h以上可控的物理瞬态太阳能电池，其效率为同等条件下较高水平。这些成果将为实现绿色、高效稳定的瞬态太阳能供电技术奠定基础。