W纤维网对特高压CuW触头材料抗径向变形及电性能的影响

In the current ultrahigh voltage electrical transmission engineering, the life of capacitor switch faces the bottleneck of severe shortage, which is attributed to the accumulative deformation and loss induced failure from its core part of contact enduring high-frequency wear, erosion and squashing. Therefore, in order to meet the urgent requirement of life-extension for ultrahigh voltage and high-frequency contact materials, tungsten fiber networks with various distribution structure are proposed to introduce into traditional CuW pseudo-alloys to form a new structure of novel CuW contact materials, using the high strength in the plane direction of tungsten fiber networks to constrain their radial deformation. The effect of tungsten fibers after surface modification of activation elements, especially their diameter, network mesh size, layer spacing and interlayer arrangement, on the mechanical properties (compression, bending, tensile, friction, wear, etc.) along the plane direction of tungsten fiber networks of proposed novel CuW alloys (i.e. the radial direction of contact materials), as well as the electrical properties (electrical conductivity, arc erosion resistance, etc.) will be investigated to establish the controllable relationship between their microstructure and performance. This project are expected to effectively improve the strength and resistance to radial deformation without loss of the electrical properties, which would provide the experimental and theoretical basis for their application in ultrahigh voltage electrical transmission engineering.

目前特高压输变电工程中，电容器组开关面临寿命严重不足的制约瓶颈，其原因是作为核心关键部件的触头在特高压服役过程中因高频次的磨损-烧蚀-挤压导致变形并大量损失而失效。因此，本项目针对特高压、高频次触头材料延寿的迫切需求，将不同分布结构的W纤维网引入到传统CuW假合金中，形成一种新型特高压CuW触头材料新结构，利用纤维网所在平面方向上的高强度，来约束触头材料的径向变形。研究活化表面处理的W纤维网的引入，特别是W纤维的直径、网孔大小、层间距、层间排布方式等对新型CuW假合金沿纤维网平面方向（即触头径向）的压缩、弯曲、拉伸、摩擦磨损等力学性能以及对电导率、耐电弧烧蚀等电性能的影响规律，建立组织与性能可控性关系。研究结果可望在不损失整体电性能的前提下，有效地提高这种新型CuW假合金的强度及抗径向变形的能力，为其在特高压输变电工程中的应用提供实验和理论支持。

目前特高压输变电工程中，电容器组开关的寿命面临严重不足的制约瓶颈，其原因是作为核心关键部件的触头在特高压服役过程中因高频次的磨损-烧蚀-挤压导致变形并大量损失而失效。本项目针对特高压、高频次触头材料延寿的迫切需求，首先通过实验确定了W纤维网的低成本化学镀Ni表面处理工艺；然后通过ABAQUS有限元软件模拟确定W纤维网直径/目数越大，层间距越小，强化效果越显著，但结合粉末冶金实验成型特点及触头材料电导率等要求，最终确定了W纤维网的最佳分布形态为层间交错角0°,最佳添加量为3.3%；通过微观结构分析和性能测试揭示了镀层活化元素对复合材料烧结过程中钨颗粒重排和界面结合/消除孔隙的影响规律，以及W纤维网增强CuW触头材料组织和力学/电学等性能之间的关系，开发得到具有优异的抗径向变形能力和耐电弧烧蚀性能的新型W纤维网增强CuW触头材料，为我国自主知识产权的特高压输变电触头材料提供了材料储备及理论支持。