可无线充电的无线传感器网络跨层协议研究和设计

Recently, great breakthroughs have been made in feeding various types of batteries by wireless energy transfer (WET) technique through a non-contact fashion which means the energy transmitters and the receivers are isolated from each other in space. By implementing this WET technique, it reveals tremendous potential in resolving the severe so-called "bottle neck" problem in energy issues of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The goal of our project will aim firstly at studying the influence which is induced by applying WET technique in WSNs. Then enormous efforts will be made in designing the cross-layer network protocols which meet the requirements of the deployment styles of sensor nodes. Meanwhile, feasible charging strategies will be established during this project, as well. At first, the scenario of single-base-single charging equipment with pre-fixed charging strategy will be taken into consideration in modeling WSNs. Eventually, this model will be expanded to the form of multi-bases-multi-charging equipment while the charging strategy is adaptive and open to being modified during charging tasks. At the end of this project, different optimized network protocols and charging strategies will be proposed in accordance with these different models. What is more, intensive simulations and unbiased evaluation will be given when this project is finished. This project will be endowed with the guiding significance in future studies and designs of network protocols and charging strategies of WSNs while the WET technique is adopted.

通过无线充电技术进行非接触式能量传输解决各种电池供电设备的能量补给问题是近年来的一个技术突破，将该技术应用到无线传感器网络中可解决传感器节点电池能量有限的瓶颈。本课题研究将无线充电设备引入无线传感器网络后对网络各层协议的影响，设计适合网络节点部署情况的网络跨层协议和适合存在游走充电设备的充电策略。网络模型将从单基站单充电设备且固定节点路由和充电设备游走路径入手，研究至多基站多充电设备且节点路由和充电设备游走路径均可变结束。最终将提出适合不同模型下的优化算法和协议，在保证网络正常工作的前提下让游走充电设备的利用率最高，并对所提出的算法和协议进行仿真验证和评价。本课题的研究对未来可无线充电的传感器网络的网络协议设计和充电设备的工作方式设计具有指导意义。

本项目针对可无线充电无线传感器网络的跨层优化问题，构造不同网络拓扑下的传感器网络模型，形成了可无线充电的无线传感器网络（WRSN）较为系统的数学建模方法，提出可无线充电无线传感器网络系统的跨层优化算法。项目首先研究单基站静态和动态拓扑结构下的网络特性，建立相应的数学模型，分析模型中参数对网络性能的影响，提出针对不同性能指标的优化问题并求解，通过等优性变换和线性化等手段，得到跨层网络优化策略和能量不及设备的最佳工作策略。其次，针对多基站无线传感器网络，通过研究网络拓扑结构的划分，将网络划分为多个子网络并提出针对不同子网的优化问题，求解并最终获得多基站传感器网络的跨层优化算法。针对特定数据路由下的多基站传感器网络，同样构建了相应优化问题，在满足一定数据流约束的前提下，获得网络的优化算法。针对特殊应用场景-井下可无线充电无线传感器网络的分层、线状拓扑结构，证明了拉格朗日对偶问题的强对偶性存在定理，提出网络中最优中继节点部署和网络性能优化算法。此外，针对无线传感器网络中的能量补给设备工作优化、干扰管理策略，项目也进行了较为深入的探讨和研究，并取得了良好的效果。