锡林郭勒草地样带生态系统服务消费模式研究

The relationship between natural ecosystem's provisioning services and human's consumption of these services is a key and challenging issue of coupled human and nature systems. Results from Millennium Ecosystem Assessment have revealed that out of the total ecosystem services (ES) assessed, about 60% of which has shown degrading trend and human's intervention is one of the major factors causing ecosystem degradation. It has been argued that in the near future, changes in the human’s consumption patterns, rather than population growth, will be one of the most important driving factors that influence the status of natural ecosystems, given that the provisioning services are significant and irreplaceable for sustaining the livelihood. However, studies on consumption of ES are relatively insufficient worldwide, consumption pattern and its formulation causes have been less touched. This study aims to explore the main features of human's consumption of ecosystem’s provisioning services as well as its spatial and temporal changes, to track the sources of the provisioning services consumed, to identify and categorize the major consumption patterns and investigate factors affecting the formulation of consumption patterns, and to assess the rational of existing consumption patterns. The study selects grassland transects in Inner Mongolia's Xilingol, which covers typical steppe pasture, Hunshandake sandy pasture and agro-pastoral transition zone, where human's activities are featured as grazing, grazing and off-farm works, and grazing and cultivation, respectively. Primary data will be gathered from household questionnaire surveys for three consecutive years along the grassland transect, recording of daily consumption activities and the sources of the consumption of the selected households across the year, participatory village resource flow mapping, and Key Informant Interview, these data and information will be used to identify and categorize consumption patterns, including consumption types, quantity, behavior, structure and trend; the main items consumed include grains, meat, eggs, vegetable, milk and products, oil plants, potatoes, beans, as well as processed food items. Land productivity, land use pattern, and socio-economic analysis (policy, population, income, market supply, cultural and traditional norms, livelihood, and perceptions) will be applied to identify factors affecting consumption patterns. Analysis of local production and households’ actual consumption will be conducted to explore the relations between the local production and actual consumption and thus assess the households’ dependence on local ecosystem. Rational of existing consumption patterns is evaluated using criteria like utility function, nutrition structure, and ecological footprint in order to explore land requirement for production as well as environmental effects derived from the consumption. Statistical software like MATLAB, EXCEL, SPSS, as well as Principal Component Analysis, ArcGIS and Remote Sensing images will be used for relevant analysis. The study is significant for adaptive management of grassland ecosystems in northern China, and will provide scientific evidence for guiding rational consumption and establishment of eco-compensation scheme for the region.

生态系统服务消费研究是生态系统服务与人类福祉关系中富有挑战性和前瞻性的研究工作。然而，对生态服务消费研究还很薄弱。本研究以内蒙古锡林郭勒草地样带为研究区，穿越典型草地牧区、浑善达克沙地牧区、农牧交错区，选取与人类福祉密切相关的供给服务为主要类型，定量刻画农牧户消费的特征，厘定消费来源及对本地依赖性，确定消费模式及成因，评估各消费模式的合理性。将采用连续三年农牧户半结构式问卷调查、典型农牧户全年跟踪记录调研、参与式村落资源流动图制定、关键人物访谈等方法采集消费的原始数据，研究消费类型、结构、水平、方式、来源及时空变化特点，构建消费模式；运用生产力和土地利用分析、生计分析、社会经济及主成分分析等，揭示影响消费模式形成的因素，追踪消费来源和对本地生态系统依赖性；通过分析营养结构、消费效用、生态足迹评价消费模式合理性，为探寻合理消费方式及草地适应性管理和生态补偿机制构建提供参考。

生态系统服务消费研究是生态系统服务与人类福祉关系中富有挑战性和前瞻性的研究工作。联合国千年生态系统评估表明，人类活动导致全球约60%生态系统出现退化，人类消费将成为影响生态系统最重要的因素，然而，目前对消费模式的研究还很薄弱。本研究选取锡林郭勒草地样带典型草地牧区、浑善达克沙地牧区和农牧交错区，研究生态系统供给服务消费特征及其时空变化，跟踪消费来源，确定消费模式及其成因，评估现有消费模式的合理性。.研究综合分析了百余篇国内外文献，先后四次深入研究区，开展了入户问卷调查（2020年疫情期间通过电话进行了回访）、连续三年的典型户消费跟踪调查、野外考察和草地退化调查，获取问卷515份、消费跟踪数据73万项/条，测算63个样方，获得高光谱实测数据48个、无人机遥感影像9000多张超过127G，以及空间数据、统计数据等，运用生产力和土地利用分析、生计分析、主成分分析、模糊认知图等方法对数据进行了深入分析。.研究表明:（1）沿草地样带由北向南居民食物消费呈现典型草地牧区“肉蛋奶-蔬果”模式、沙地牧区“肉蛋奶”模式和农牧交错区“粮-蔬果”模式，食物消费呈现出由牧区特征向农区特征变化的规律。（2）食物消费模式受社会、经济和生态因素影响，影响因素由北向南呈现明显的多元性和复杂性，且生态因素的作用逐渐增强。（3）居民对食物消费影响因素的感知涉及生态、经济、社会和个体四个维度，其中生态和个体维度因素的感知更为强烈，牧区居民对生态维度影响因素关注度高于农区居民。研究建议树立合理消费理念、加强对合理消费模式的推广和引导。.发表论文10篇，其中SCI论文6篇，CSCD论文4篇；会议报告7人次；获锡林郭勒盟发展和改革委员会批示的咨询报告一份，培养博士5名，硕士3名。