快响敏捷卫星合成观测的批调度问题模型与方法研究

Responsive agile satellite is very flexible in varying posture.It is able to make rapid response to emergencies such as natural disaster or burst affairs,and represents the future direction of satellite technology development.By merging several targets in one observation strip,the satellite would be used more benefitial,while the corresponding observation scheduling problem of responsive agile satellite will be extremely complicated,with multiple dimension of decision variables such as number,direction,longth of strips and choice,time of tasks.Based on batch scheduling theory and methods,this project will first analyze the process of observation by a responsive agile satellite and the constraints undertaken.Then,two different strategy will be considered,batching beforehand,or optimizing the all and the one.Furthermore,maximum coverage model of batching beforehand will be upbuilt, the concequent scheduling model and algorithm will be proposed. Also, batch scheduling model of the whole problem and algorithms based on metaheuristics will be put forward. In these progress, some critical techniques will be figured out, such as mapping relation between a satellite's posture variance and the strip coveraged on the earth, efficient algorithm for the maximum coverage model of batching beforehand, and the metaheuristics for batch scheduling as the all and the one, that can enrich and improve batch scheduling theory and method. The production of this project will make theoretical and practical sense to improving our nation's ability in dealing with emergencies and remote sensing satellite application management.

快响敏捷卫星具有高度姿态机动能力，能够对突发事件、自然灾害等应急情况做出快速反应，是我国卫星技术发展的方向。一次性对多个地面目标合成观测，能够提高卫星的使用效益。由此产生的快响敏捷卫星合成观测调度问题，涉及观测条带数量、走向和长度，任务取舍和起止时间等多维的连续或离散决策变量，解空间庞大，复杂性大大超过了一般调度问题。本课题基于批调度理论和方法，分析快响敏捷卫星对地观测过程及各种约束条件，采用预先分批和整体优化两种不同策略，研究预先分批的最大覆盖模型、基于预先分批的调度模型和算法、基于整体优化的批调度模型和智能优化算法，并进行比较分析，解决基于空间立体几何的快响敏捷卫星姿态机动与地面观测条带映射关系建模、预先分批最大覆盖模型的求解算法、整体优化批调度的智能优化算法等关键技术问题，丰富和拓展批调度问题的理论方法研究。对于提升我国应对突发事件能力和遥感卫星应用管理水平具有重要的理论和实际意义。

快响敏捷卫星具有高度姿态机动能力，能够对突发事件、自然灾害等应急情况做出快速反应，是我国卫星技术发展的方向。一次性对多个地面目标合成观测，能够提高卫星的使用效益。由此产生的快响敏捷卫星合成观测调度问题，涉及观测条带数量、走向和长度，任务取舍和起止时间等多维的连续或离散决策变量，解空间庞大，复杂性大大超过了一般调度问题。本课题分析快响敏捷卫星对地观测过程及各种约束条件，解决基于空间立体几何的快响敏捷卫星姿态机动与地面观测条带映射关系建模问题，建立了考虑任务合成的成像卫星调度模型，提出了基于整体优化策略的求解算法和基于分解优化策略的求解算法，并进行比较分析，丰富和拓展批调度问题的理论方法研究。研究成果已经在我国第一、二颗快响试验卫星、国家高分辨率对地观测重大专项第一颗敏捷小卫星、我国第一个商业遥感卫星系统“长光吉林一号卫星系统”得到应用，取得较好的社会效益和经济效益，对于提升我国应对突发事件能力和遥感卫星应用管理水平具有重要的理论和实际意义。