硫协同污水处理工艺去除典型新兴有机污染物机理研究

The emerging organic pollutants (EOPs), such as Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs), antibiotics and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs), are causing more and more prominent problems on eco-environment and human health. Urban sewage treatment system is an important pollutant source and sink of EOPs. So, it is necessary to study the wastewater treatment process for EOPs reduction. This project will systematically study removal process and mechanism of typical EOPs by sulfur-associated wastewater treatment process. Through investigating the mechanisms of transportation and transformation of typical EOPs in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) sludge systems, it will be revealed the removal mechanism, sludge adsorption and biodegradation kinetics of typical EOPs by the sulfur-associated wastewater treatment system. The interaction mechanism between microorganisms and typical EOPs will be explored by means of molecular biology methods, such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenome analysis etc., and it can also be identified the functional genes as well as the metabolic pathways of EOPs biodegradation by SRB and SOB. After clarifying the removal mechanisms, the strategies of operation and control to the sulfur-associate wastewater treatment process will be further optimized for improving typical EOPs removal. And finally, the removal efficiency of typical EOPs in raw wastewater will be examined using the sulfur-associated wastewater treatment process, so that supplying the theoretical and experimental basis for applying the sulfur-associated wastewater treatment process to removal the EOPs in real projects.

新兴有机污染物，如药品和个人护理品、抗生素和内分泌干扰物等，对生态环境和人类健康造成的危害日益突出。城市污水处理系统是新兴有机污染物的重要汇与源，因此，针对污水处理过程中新兴有机污染物减量化工艺的研究十分必要。本项目针对硫协同污水处理工艺去除典型新兴有机污染物展开研究，通过研究典型新兴有机污染物在硫酸盐还原菌、硫氧化菌污泥系统中迁移转化规律，揭示硫协同污水处理工艺对于典型新兴有机污染物的去除机理、活性污泥吸附及生物降解动力学；采用高通量测序及宏基因组学等分子生物学手段，探讨微生物与典型新兴有机污染物相互作用机制，识别微生物降解新兴有机污染物的功能基因及代谢通路；在探明去除机理的基础上，进一步优化硫协同污水处理工艺去除典型新兴有机污染物的调控策略，并初步考察其对实际废水中典型新兴有机污染物的去除效果，为利用该工艺去除新兴有机污染物的实际工程应用奠定理论和实验基础。

药品和个人护理品、抗生素和内分泌干扰物等新兴有机污染物在环境中频繁检出，对生态环境和人类健康造成严重威胁。城市污水处理系统是新兴有机污染物的重要汇与源，而传统的水处理工艺难以有效去除这类污染物。因此，研发新型高效工艺势在必行。硫协同污水处理工艺因其具有污泥产量低、能耗低、污染物去除效率高等优点而受到广泛关注，但对于硫协同生物处理工艺中新兴有机污染物去除的相关研究仍为空白。基于此，本项目选取了8种典型的新兴有机污染物（磺胺嘧啶（SD）、磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）、甲氧苄氨嘧啶（TMP）、环丙沙星（CIP）、依诺沙星（ENO）、布洛芬（IBU）、酮洛芬（KET）和双氯芬酸（DIC）），针对其在硫协同污水处理工艺（包括硫酸盐还原（SRB）和硫自养反硝化（SOB）污泥系统）中的去除效能及机制展开研究。.本项目构建了硫协同生物反应系统，并对其运行情况进行长期监测及优化调控。结果表明，SRB污泥系统对抗生素（SD、SMX、TMP、CIP和ENO）可实现有效去除，去除率为20%~ 90%。然而，SOB污泥系统对IBU和KET去除效果较好，其平均去除率分别为96.0 ± 4.6% 和55.4 ± 5.5%。通过批次实验进一步探究了污染物在SRB和SOB污泥系统的去除机制，结果表明，SRB污泥可通过快速吸附实现98%的氟喹诺酮类抗生素（CIP和ENO）去除，吸附系数（Kd）高达25.2 ± 3.8 L/g-(SS)；通过三维荧光光谱、红外光谱分析，揭示了SRB污泥对CIP的吸附机制，主要包括静电吸引、阳离子交换架桥、π-π相互作用、氢键及表面络合（配位和螯合）等作用；通过中间产物解析、酶抑制实验等，明确了IBU和KET在SOB污泥系统中生物降解路径，阐明了抗生素类污染物在SRB污泥系统中通过亚硫酸盐还原酶等功能酶的催化作用实现生物转化的机制；在此基础上，从SRB污泥中分离出一株CIP降解菌株（S2），通过对CIP降解产物及降解功能酶系的分析揭示了S2对CIP生物降解机制。本项目的研究成果可为利用硫协同污水处理工艺去除新兴有机污染物的工程应用奠定理论和实验基础，为我国污水处理事业由跟踪到引领的跨越式发展做出贡献！