基于电磁复合场的空间光学敏感/探测器荷电粒子屏蔽理论与技术

Spatial charged particle would affect the spacecraft performance and life seriously. But the current research on the effect of the spatial charged particle is restricted as qualitative description and the shielding technology adopted widely at present has some limitation in different aspects. Aiming at such research status, taking the spatial optical sensor & detector as a typical applied object, the electric & magnetic complex field (EMCF) based spatial charged particle shielding theory and technology is researched. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification are adopted. And the quantitative description model on the spatial charged particle component and distribution, the quantitative description model on the spatial charged particle caused output background noise and performance degradation of the detector, the design of the EMCF based spatial charged particle shielding system and the optimization of the shielding system based on the artificial bee colony are researched in turn. Based on the quantitative description of the spatial charged particle effect, a theoretical and technical system related with the EMCF based spatial charged particle shielding system would be established. Based on this program, the influencing mechanism and the caused effect of the spatial charged particle will be clear further, which can be seen as the design reference of the shielding system. The proposed new shielding technology would further enhance the spatial charged particle shielding efficiency in the spatial optical sensor & detector and the performance and life of the detector in orbit would be surely improved as a result. The spatial charged particle shielding system for other spacecraft can also be designed accordingly.

空间荷电粒子辐射对航天器性能和寿命产生重要影响。目前针对空间荷电粒子影响的研究多局限于定性分析，而空间荷电粒子屏蔽技术也存在不同缺陷，故，本项目以空间光学敏感/探测器为典型应用对象，开展基于电磁复合场的荷电粒子屏蔽理论和技术研究。本项目拟通过理论分析、数值模拟和试验验证相结合的方法依次开展空间荷电粒子辐射的定量描述、空间荷电粒子造成探测器件输出本底及性能损伤的定量描述、基于电磁复合场的空间荷电粒子屏蔽系统设计、基于人工蜂群智能算法的空间荷电粒子屏蔽系统参数优化等的研究，并将在空间荷电粒子影响的定量分析基础上，构建基于电磁复合场的空间荷电粒子屏蔽相关的理论和技术体系。通过本项目的研究，将进一步明确空间荷电粒子的作用机制，为防护系统的设计提供依据；提出的新型屏蔽技术将进一步提高空间光学敏感/探测器的荷电粒子辐射防护能力，提高探测器在轨性能及寿命，也对其他航天器相关技术的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。

空间光学敏感/探测器是航天器的重要组成部分或重要类型，可在特定光波波段对地球、恒星等天体进行观测，以得到航天器姿态、轨道参数或者天体状态、演化信息等，而这些空间光学敏感/探测器大多采用基于光电效应的半导体探测器件完成光学敏感/探测任务。然而大部分人类空间活动范围内大量充斥着由地磁俘获的、太阳射线和银河射线中的荷电粒子，若未进行有效的荷电粒子辐射背景防护，半导体探测器件将产生显著的本底噪声及性能损伤，从而严重影响了空间光学敏感/探测器的性能和寿命。为此，针对质量屏蔽、反符合等传统方法对质子屏蔽效果差、不能避免器件损伤等缺点，本项目以脉冲星导航敏感器为典型对象，开展基于电磁复合场的空间荷电粒子偏转屏蔽理论和技术研究。首先分析了空间荷电粒子成分及对探测器的影响，然后对基于镂空平板和磁魔环结构的电场和磁场强度及其分布特性进行了仿真分析和实验研究，并基于脉冲星导航敏感器的空间应用需求，研究了磁场强度、作用范围与结构质量、偏转效率等多参数的强耦合关系，并基于电子轨迹追踪，采用ANSYS和Matlab联合迭代优化，完成了样件的优化设计；同时针对样件的装配难题，基于磁力学分析，优化了样件的装配工艺和工装，完成了样件组装。样件性能测试与设计仿真相符，并于2016年11月搭载我国首颗脉冲星导航试验卫星（XPNV-1），实现国内首飞。在轨数据表明，该样件实现了荷电粒子的偏转屏蔽，提高了数据信噪比，与地面测试仿真相符，为脉冲星轮廓恢复奠定基础。本项目的相关研究成果可应用于以脉冲星导航敏感器为代表的空间光学敏感/探测器的荷电粒子辐射背景屏蔽防护，也可对其他类型航天器的抗辐射设计及分析提供借鉴意义。