基于导电高聚物PEDOT:PSS的可拉伸导电纤维的微流控制备与研究

Polymeric conductive fibers with lightweight, high flexibility, comfortability, and good knittability have attracted a great deal of attention because of their potential substitution of the metallic wires in the wearable electronic fabric. In order to meet the requirement of the body curve and the large deformation during the human activities, the conductive fibers are expected to possess large stretchability as well as super conductivity. Up till now, the fabrication of the conductive fibers with super comprehensive properties integrating extraordinary conductivity, super stretchability, high elasticity, excellent washing resistance, and negligible drawing effect on the conductivity still remains a huge challenge. In addition, more efficient fabrication process is needed to realize the industrial production of the conductive fibers with good performances..In this work, we aim to generate the PEDOT:PSS helical microfibers and PU fibers with PEDOT:PSS helical inner core by using microfluidic strategy. The spring-like shape of the PEDOT:PSS conductive pathway provides the conductive fibers good stretchability and the negligible influence of the drawing on the conductivity. Thus the polymeric conductive fibers with good stretchability (≥200%) and high conductivity (≥1000S·cm-1) are promisingly fabricated, which can be used in the electronic fabrics instead of the metallic wires. Furthermore, the microfluidic strategy for viscous fluid is studied, providing a new strategy to produce functional composite fibers with large-scale.

聚合物导电纤维质轻、柔软、舒适、易编织，在智能可穿戴领域中具有广大的应用潜力。理想的聚合物导电纤维一方面要具备优异的电导性，另一方面需要具备高柔高弹性，以满足穿戴时与人体曲线、运动相适应。迄今为止，聚合物导电纤维仍面临诸多考验，如：导电性、拉伸回弹性、耐水洗性等性能的进一步优化，拉伸对电导率有显著影响，大规模快速工业生产的难以实现等。.本项目旨在通过简便、高效的微流控成型方式，构建包裹螺旋型PEDOT:PSS导电内芯的PU弹性纤维，从而得到兼具高导电性（电导率≥1000S·cm-1）、高弹性（200%拉伸应变后迅速回弹）、且电导率不受拉伸影响的高性能功能复合纤维，替代金属导线应用于电子、智能织物中。此外，开发高聚物粘流体的微流控成型工艺，可拓宽微流控成型技术的流体选用种类与应用领域，也为功能性复合纤维的制备与大规模生产提供全新的科学方法，有利于推动高性能功能纤维的产业化进程。

目前，国内外关于织物用导电纤维的研究工作仍然面临着诸多考验，在很多方面还存在着巨大的研究空间。本项目通过构建合适的微控流螺旋纤维成型系统，利用PEDOT:PSS水溶液与PU/DMSO溶液流体界面的快速凝胶固化现象，制备得到内部包裹有PEDOT:PSS导电内芯的PU弹性纤维，从而开发出兼具高导电性、高弹性、长期使用稳定性的全聚合物导电复合纤维。将所得PU/PEDOT:PSS导电复合纤维用于制备兼具高敏感性及大传感应变范围的应变传感器，成功将其应用于人体生命体征（如脉搏、声音）与人体运动（如关节弯曲）的监测。此外，对摩擦外层材料的功能性进行了探索与研究，为阻燃导电纤维的开发奠定基础。