基于多卫星多通道融合的热带气旋结构分析

The gusts and heavy rainfall caused by Tropical cyclone (TC) are the main reasons of disaster. And their distribution is determined by TC structure. So it is very significant to learn TC structure more finely. Presently, TC data could not satisfy the needs of TC structure research. So systematically grasping the characteristics of TC structure is deficiency. Satellite detection technology is being developed with high speed, which provides more efficient observations, including Infrared, Visible, Vapor, Microwave Humidity Sounder, and Microwave Atmospheric Sounder and so on, could be used in monitoring TC development. And it makes them possible to capture this disastrous weather system and get its detail description in real time.. In this project geostationary satellite FY-2 and polar orbit satellite FY-3 observation will be used to analysis the variances of TC structure character with different channel data. The observations in different channel would be evaluated in the performance of describing TC structure. Based on above results, multi-spectral bands from multi satellites will be integrated, and which are used to retrieval and extract TC structure at different levels. The basic TC structure character and its temporal and spatial variation in North-West Pacific Ocean will be analyzed. Furthermore, the relation between TC structure and intensity variation will be discussed. A three-dimensional TC structure model and its change in North-West Pacific Ocean would be built, which could be used in the improvement of TC monitoring and forecasting technology. The implementation of this project will promote the TC structure data accumulation, which not only benefits TC prevention and disaster reduction but also conducive to the development of the branch of learning.

热带气旋伴随的大风和降水是导致其强烈致灾性的原因，而其大风和降水的分布则由结构特征所决定，故而研究TC的结构具有重要的意义。但是，当前TC资料的积累不足以满足其结构研究的需要，从而也欠缺对TC结构特征的系统性把握。高速发展的卫星探测技术为监测TC结构提供了丰富的遥感资料，使得实时捕捉这种灾害性天气系统成为可能。本项目基于静止卫星FY-2和极轨卫星FY-3的遥感探测资料，通过分析不同探测资料在表现TC结构特征上的差异，评估各探测资料的优劣，在此基础上进行多卫星多谱段遥感资料综合，分析TC结构的基本特征及其时空变化的规律，并探讨TC结构变化与TC强度变化的关系，并探索将其应用于TC精确监测技术的改进。本项目的实施将促进TC结构资料的整编积累，不仅有利于防台减灾，也将有利于学科的发展。

热带气旋（Tropical Cyclone，简称TC）是破坏性严重的灾害性天气系统，其活动伴随着强烈的大风、暴雨和巨浪暴潮，严重影响沿海经济带的发展和远洋科考及经济活动等的安全。因而努力提高海上灾害性天气的综合监测预警能力对有效避免和减少因天气原因导致的海难事故具有重要的意义。. 由于TC具有强烈的破坏性且活动区域多在远海，常规观测资料获取困难，遥感探测成为重要的资料获取手段。气象卫星资料精度和覆盖范围较优，是为首选。本项目依托我国风云系列气象卫星及其他卫星的多种探测资料，开展了TC结构变化及与强度关系的研究，旨在充分利用卫星资料支撑TC监测预警能力的提升。. 本项目研究了TC云顶红外亮度温度与TC尺度的关系，建立了可实时用于特征大风半径估算的模型，反演了我国首套1980-2009西北太平洋及南海TC尺度数据集，填补了我国实时客观定量估计TC尺度的关键技术的缺乏；本项目也基于多卫星资料多通道探测反演研究了台风以上等级TC的云墙外半径尺度、“暖心”强度和低层高湿区的变化这三个因子与TC强度的关系，从新资料新角度提出了影响台风强度的重要因子；另外针对FY-2及GOES、Meteosat、GMS和MTSAT系列红外波段观测的综合分析和FY-3微波温度计和湿度计观测，得到1980-2009西北太平洋及南海TC合成亮度温度分布气候特征，并探讨了TC垂直温湿结构与强度变化的关系。. 以上结果部分已转化并服务于TC定位、定强及特征大风半径的业务分析当中，TC尺度数据集已公开发布共享并获得同行认可，预期将促进TC精确监测关键技术研究和业务监测水平的发展，对实现TC精准监测和资料积累，乃至预报预警能力的提高和研究均有现实的意义。