基于仿珍珠层构造的防护工程材料制备及抗侵彻机理研究

Developing the high-strength, tough and economical protective engineering materials can help to improve the impact and penetration resistance of the protective structures against weapons of destruction, and this has great significance to maintaining and enhancing national defense, especially with the improvements in weapon technology. This project will focus on the preparation, damage mechanisms and optimal design of the nacre inspired layered-and-staggered structural cement-based composite and building ceramic composite. A combination approach of experiment and theoretical analysis will be adopted in this project. Based on the bionic principle, the component materials and the geometry of the layered-and-staggered structural composites will be designed. A series of ballistic impact tests will be carried out on the penetration resistance of the composites, and the penetration resistance mechanisms will be studied. The dynamic constitutive model will be proposed and applied to optimize the structural parameters and geometrical parameters of the layered-and-staggered structural composite system. The novel bio-inspired layered-and-staggered structural composites developed in this project will have the features of prompting projectile yawing, multi-impact resistance and rapid repair during wartime. Thus, they will have useful field applications and can reduce the costs.

面对高技术武器的威胁，开发强度高、韧性好且成本较低的防护工程材料对提高防护结构的抗冲击抗侵彻性能，保持和提高国家的国防能力具有重要意义。本项目拟围绕高速弹丸或爆炸破片作用下仿珍珠层构造的错位叠层水泥基复合材料和建筑陶瓷复合材料的制备、损伤机理与优化设计开展较为系统的试验与理论研究工作。基于仿生原理设计材料的组成及几何构型；通过开展错位叠层水泥基复合材料靶件的单发及多发小口径子弹高速冲击实验，揭示其抗侵彻性能和机理；提出错位叠层复合材料的动态本构模型，对两种复合材料的构造参数进行优化设计及试验验证。本项目拟制备的新型错位叠层复合材料具有能够引导子弹偏航、抗多次打击，且适宜战时快速修复等特点，有利于在实际工程应用中减少防护成本。

针对目前防护工程的防护效能低、施工易暴露、抢修时间长且成本较高的问题，本项目研发了仿珍珠层构造的防护工程材料，包括仿珍珠层构造的水泥基复合材料和陶瓷基复合材料，其构造具有错位叠层和锥台嵌挤的特点。通过制备两种复合材料，提出了新型仿珍珠层构造的防护工程材料的制备关键技术，且发明了能够帮助混凝土进行裂缝自修复的智能纤维；通过理论分析，建立了复合材料的静态弹性状态和弹塑性状态下的本构模型，分析认为当使搭接单元的剪力传递效率最大的搭接长度与使单元的有效强度达到最优的搭接长度两者相接近时，复合材料的强度和韧性能够同时得到优化，抗冲击性能最好；通过弹道实验，证实了所制备的防护复合材料在降低弹坑面积、引导子弹偏航、抗多次打击和快速修复等方面，与整体和叠层构造形式的复合材料如粗骨料混凝土、钢丝网混凝土和叠层混凝土相比，具备明显的优势，在降低弹丸侵彻深度、快速修复和降低成本等方面，较钢纤维混凝土也具备一定的优势。本项目的研究成果对提高防护工程的防护效能，扩大防护工程的应用范围，解决战时快建快修和避免建修期间暴露目标等方面具有重要意义。