废旧橡胶•塑料•沙柳复合材料界面相容性及微细结构表征

Research and development of recovery and recycling technology for waste plastic and waste rubber,is the only way for the sustainable development of rubber and plastic industry.For the first time, using the abundant salix resources in Inner Mongolia area as raw materials, using waste plastics instead of the traditional artificial board adhesive,and adding waste rubber as damping components,the composite materials are prepared by molding method.The interface compatibility and microstructure among the three components are characterized,and the influence of the molding process, material properties, modified additives and aging process on the interface compatibility and microstructure are depth analysised.The mechanical properties, thermal stability and aging resistance of materials are analysised synchronously. The project investigates the relationship between structure and properties of composite materials, reveals its mechanism and optimizes the preparation technics.. This project is significant as a application fundamental research on comprehensive utilization of waste rubber,waste plastic and salix.It can lay a theoretical foundation for the development of waste plastic recycling technology,and prepare of three-phase composite material with excellent comprehensive performance from waste rubber，waste plastic and salix mongolica.

废旧橡胶和塑料回收和再利用技术的研发，是橡塑行业持续发展的必由之路。本研究首次以内蒙地区丰富的沙柳资源为原料，用废旧塑料代替传统人造板中的胶粘剂，将废旧橡胶作为阻尼减震功能组分，采用模压法制备废旧橡胶•塑料•沙柳复合材料。对复合材料三组分间界面相容性和微细结构进行表征，深入分析成型工艺、原料特性、改性助剂和老化工艺对复合材料界面相容性和微细结构的影响，同步分析材料的力学性能、热稳定性能和耐老化性能，探讨复合材料结构和性能间关系，揭示其作用机理，优化材料制备工艺。. 本项目是具有显著意义的沙柳和废旧橡塑综合利用的应用基础研究，可为废旧橡塑回收再利用技术的开发奠定理论基础，同时可制备一种综合性能优良的橡塑木三相复合材料。

废旧橡塑回收和再利用技术的研发，是橡塑行业持续发展的必由之路。本项目以内蒙地区沙柳资源为原料，用废旧塑料代替胶粘剂，废旧橡胶作阻尼减震功能组分，采用模压法制备废旧橡胶•塑料•沙柳三元复合材料（WRPC）。研究原料配比、橡胶尺寸、偶联剂、橡胶改性方法、改性树脂、成型工艺和热氧老化过程对复合材料界面相容性、结构和性能的影响，从而优化出较佳的制备工艺。. 研究结果表明，抗氧剂1010和1076可明显减缓木塑复合材在热氧老化过程中力学性能下降趋势，加入0.2%~0.3%时力学性能较好；用KH550处理木粉，Si69、微波活化和碱处理橡胶，可有效改善WRPC的界面相容性；EVA、EVA-g-MAH可改善PE-HD的包覆性能，弹性体POE可使PP基WRPC组分间粘结性增大，脆性降低；适宜的成型工艺可提高WRPC组分均匀性和结构致密性。. 高密度聚乙烯基WRPC采用混炼温度180℃，热压温度170℃，时间9min，压力5MPa的成型工艺，木、橡、塑质量比为41:8:41，橡胶为80~100目，KH550加入3%，PE-HD基WRPC中Si69和EVA-g-MAH分别加入5%和2.5%时，WRPC各项性能相对较佳，静曲强度、弹性模量、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为36.82MPa、1995MPa、19.58MPa和5.85kJ/m2，维卡软化温度和热变形温度为88.70℃和110.33℃；PP基WRPC中POE添加6%，NaOH溶液浓度为10mol/L时，WRPC各项性能相对较佳，上述力学性能分别为45.23MPa、3866MPa、19.90MPa和3.86kJ/m2，维卡软化温度和热变形温度为130.60℃和143.10℃。本项目研制出性能优良的木橡塑三元复合材料，为沙柳和废旧橡塑回收再利用技术的开发奠定了研究基础。