头束霉及其近似属的分子系统学分析

The fungi of Cephalotrichum played an important role in economy and ecology. The problomes have a long history that the boundary between Cephalotrichum and Trichurus, whether they should be merged and so on. However, the systematic study of Cephalotrichum is lacking at home and abroad. The purpose of this research intends to 1). revaluate the classification framework and standards of the genus of Cephalotrichum, build a categorizing system and identification standard that more closed to nature by using modern classification technology. 2). clearly explain the relationship between Cephalotrichum and Trichurus, and establish the molecular identification system of Cephalotrichum by use of ITS、28S rDNA D1/D2、RPB2、andβ-tubulin etc. 3) evaluate classification framework and classification standards of morphology of the genera and species, clarify part of the doubtable species of classification position, and add or perfect the key for all species of Cephalotrichum, describe all species detailed. The study provides reference for developing the classification of the system of other genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, which has important significance to explore the diversity and resource of fungi.

头束霉属真菌具重要的经济学及生态学意义，在世界上广泛分布；现在国内外缺乏对头束霉属的分子系统学研究。而头束霉属和毛束霉属均是产生孢梗束的真菌，他们之间的界限、是否应该合并等问题由来已久；本研究项目拟1).通过分子系统学分类技术，重新评价头束霉属属、种分类框架和划分标准，建立更贴近自然的分类系统和鉴定标准。2).利用ITS、28S rDNA D1/D2区、RPB2和β-tubulin等基因片段，对头束霉属和毛束霉属的关系阐述清楚，以期选定适合头束霉属的分子鉴定的基因片段。3).评价该属种形态学划分标准及分类框架，澄清部分疑难种的分类地位，补充或完善属内种间的分类检索表，对所有菌株进行详细描绘。该研究为开展暗色丝孢真菌其它属、种的系统分类提供借鉴，对探索该属真菌多样性及菌种资源具重要的意义。

头束霉属真菌具重要的经济学及生态学意义，在世界上分布广泛；本课题选择了ITS、28S rDNA D1/D2区、β-tubulin和EF-1α四个基因片段对头束霉属进行了分子系统学研究，澄清了头束霉（Cephalotrichum）和毛束霉属Trichurus之间的分类关系，将其合并为一个属，保留头束霉（Cephalotrichum）名称。另外对头束霉属近似属小囊菌（Microascus） 无孔囊菌属（Pithoascus）云南菌属 （Yunnania）和帚霉属 （Scopulariopsis）做了系统分类研究，通过分子数据对中国的头束霉属所有菌株进行了修订，共发现1新记录属无孔囊菌属（Pithoascus），6个新种和2个新组合，6个新纪录种。所有研究过的菌株材料均保存在河南农业大学菌物标本室。