微纳米结构粒子组装的超分子胶凝材料的制备与功能研究

Based on the fact that micro-nano particles can generate supramolecular gelling materials with different morphologies, mechanical and functional properties via interface assembly, the turbulent flow circulation technology is adopted for the design and synthesis of a series of composite oxide with micro-nano structure through nanosheets assembly. With the addition of other nanoparticles and solvent, supramolecular gelling materials are obtained by low temperature gelation reaction, and then molded in specific moulds. The composition and structure of the supramolecular gelling materials are characterized by X-ray electron diffraction, thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope and laser particle size analyzer are used to confirm the morphologies and size distributions. Universal tester is used for measuring mechanical properties and laserflash thermal analyzer is adopted to test the conduction coefficient, some other special performance are tested by certain instruments. The influences of turbulent phenomena on the synthesis, structure and performance of micro-nano structure composite oxide are studied. The affecting factors of assembly form of micro-nano particles and solvents on the structure and performance of the supramolecular gelling materials are discussed. Through molecular design, the appropriate nanoparticles, such as nano-silica, nano-porous silica-based composite oxide, titanium dioxide etc. are selected to obtain micro-nano particles assembly and gelation. The whole preparation process is environmentally friendly and controllable. This research involves the inorganic chemistry, materials science, supramolecular chemistry, nano science disciplines and so on. The micro-nano particle interface assembly technique and the control of the reaction are studied, and the multifunction design and preparation of supramolecular gel materials are explored, providing the design and preparation methods for a new kind of functional material, which has important scientific significance for the development of inorganic chemistry, materials science, supramolecular chemistry, nano science disciplines.

基于微纳米粒子能够通过界面组装形成不同形貌，且兼具力学性能和功能特性的超分子胶凝材料的事实，采用紊流循环技术，设计合成由纳米片组装的具有微纳结构的复合氧化物，并加入其它纳米粒子和溶剂使其胶凝成型。结合X射线电子衍射、热分析、红外光谱等手段确定组成和结构，扫描电镜与激光粒度仪确定形貌和大小分布，万能测试仪测试力学性能，激光导热仪测定导热系数，以及某些手段测试其他特殊性能。研究紊流现象对微纳米粒子的合成、结构和性能的影响；研究微纳米粒子组装形式及溶剂对超分子胶凝材料结构和性能的影响；通过分子设计，选择合适的纳米粒子实现微纳米粒子自组装和胶凝。本项目涉及无机化学、材料科学、超分子化学、纳米科学等学科，研究微纳米粒子界面组装技术与反应过程控制，研究超分子胶凝材料的多功能设计和制备，提供一类新型功能材料的设计和制备方法，对所涉及各学科的发展具有重要的科学意义。

微纳米结构粒子的自组装与功能化是无机合成化学的研究热点之一。基于无机(复合)氧化物，本项目通过结构设计，构筑了具有功能特性的无机和无机高分子复合胶凝材料、微纳米结构的环境功能材料和锂离子储能材料。.本项目基于三氧化二硼复合氧化物特殊的促凝作用，设计合成了具有微纳米结构的CaO•1.5B2O3•H2O、MgO•B2O3•H2O快速促凝剂，辅助纳米二氧化硅，将其用于工业尾矿和废弃无机矿物纤维的快速固化与功能化处理，希望为这类固废的治理提供更高效的方法。.设计合成了具有微纳米结构、可循环使用的的半导体可见光催化剂SiO2@Ag/AgCl，其对RhB溶液的降解效率超过95%。.基于有机染料废水，设计合成了氧化镁基新型环境复合材料，发现不同结构的复合氧化物可与有机分子进行选择性组装。其中，SiO2@MgO对结晶紫的最大吸附量为2244.85mg/g；SiO2@MgxSiyOz对罗丹明B的最大吸附量为52.71mg/g；Mn2O3@MgO对结晶紫饱和吸附量达到398.41mg/g；锌掺杂的中空氧化镁微球(MgO:Zn)，室温下吸附刚果红，45min后最大吸附量可达到2953.39 mg/ g；中空氧化镁微米球对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝溶液最大吸附量分别为320和480 mg/g。.基于无机高分子导电材料在导电薄膜、印刷电路板、无线射频识别标签、柔性电子器件等方面的潜在应用，设计制备了SiO2/Ag-聚氨酯体系，导电胶140℃下固化30min，导电胶膜层的方阻为62 mΩ/□。.基于锂离子电池储能材料，设计合成了石墨烯包裹的苝四酸酐正极复合材料，其在200和300mA/ g的电流密度仍然可以分别得到152和144 mAh/g的可逆容量；设计合成了一种F掺杂的SnO2与还原氧化石墨烯的负极复合物材料，在1和2A/g的电流下仍能保持860和770mAh/g的高容量；设计合成了碳纤维负载的MnO复合负极材料，在2和4A/g的电流下具有587.1和443.3mAh/g的高容量；设计合成了一氧化锰纳米粒子（MnONPs）和氮掺杂多孔碳纳米片（NPCS）的复合负极材料，在电流密度为1 和2 A/g时分别具有744.5和503.6 mA h/g的倍率比容量；设计合成了透明的单壁碳纳米管（SWNTs）薄膜SWNTs/ LMO和SWNTs/ MoS2正负极材料材料，经过100次循环后正负极分别达到了84.