丁二酰胺基功能性离子液体的合成及其在核燃料循环中的应用

Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, ionic liquids (ILs) are proposed to be future "green" alternatives to molecular solvents, which have recently received an ever-increasing amount of interest in chemistry, chemical engineering. The nuclear fuel reprocessing as the essential part of nuclear fuel cycle, plays an important role in nuclear safety and sustainable development of nuclear energy. As "new generation green solvents", the usefulness of ILs for extraction and separation of actinides and lanthanides has widely been reported. Of the available ILs, those that are appended with extractor functional groups have been termed as task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), or functionalized ionic liquids, and have many advantages over solvent systems that contain an extractor in an IL. Functional groups that are appended on the ILs can impart particular reactivity onto the IL, thereby enhancing its capacity for interaction with specific metal ions and, hence, enormously improving its selectivity. The usefulness of succinamide for extraction and separation of actinides have extensively been investigated. In this project, we wish to synthesize task-specific ionic liquids by grafting succinamide onto the cation of the ionic liquid, which are developed for efficient extrction and seperation of actnides by combining the properties of ionic liquids with those of classical extracting compounds.

由于独特的物理及化学性质，近十几年来，离子液体作为潜在的绿色溶剂被广泛应用于化学、化工等研究领域。在核能领域，依赖于溶剂萃取的核燃料后处理是核燃料循环的核心, 对于核环境安全和核能的可持续发展意义重大。在核燃料后处理中,离子液体作为"新一代绿色溶剂"在锕系元素的萃取分离中已经被广泛的研究。利用离子液体的"可设计性"，将重要的萃取官能团引入到简单离子液体中，把萃取剂与稀释剂合二为一，这样得到的离子液体称之为功能性化离子液体。由于介入了萃取剂，功能性离子液体比传统离子液体具有更高的萃取效率和更好的选择性。丁二酰胺是普遍用于萃取、分离锕系元素的萃取剂，在本研究中，我们拟将丁二酰胺萃取剂接枝到咪唑上，经过进一步的合成策略，得到丁二酰胺基的功能性离子液体，并将其用于乏燃料后处理阶段锕系元素的分离萃取。

由于独特的物理及化学性质，近十几年来，离子液体作为潜在的绿色溶剂被广泛应用于化学、化工等研究领域。利用离子液体的“可设计性”，将重要的萃取官能团引入到简单离子液体中，把萃取剂与稀释剂合二为一，这样得到的离子液体称之为功能性化离子液体。由于介入了萃取剂，功能性离子液体比传统离子液体具有更高的萃取效率和更好的选择性。丁二酰胺是普遍用于萃取、分离锕系元素的萃取剂，在本研究中，我们将不同取代基的丁二酰胺萃取剂接枝到咪唑环上，通过三步反应，合成了13个丁二酰胺接枝的功能性离子液体。依据其结构特点，将其分成两大类，分别考察了其对UO22+，Th4+以及镧系元素的萃取性能。