可再生型磁性荧光纳米材料的制备及其对环境污染物的检测和分离

Effectively detecting and separating environmental pollutants is an important issue of common concern of all countries in the world. Currently, in the detection and separation process of environmental pollutants, the existing functional nanoparticles have some shortcomings. For example, they are not easily renewable, are less sensitive, and are not of high adsorption capacity. So, it is advisable to use magnetic silica nanoparticles and magnetic carbon nanotubes as carriers for the surface modification of functional high polymers (or the main supermolecule) and the fluorescent molecules. The polymers have intensive functional groups and the supermolecules have high absorption capacity, so they can be used to establish and develop new synthesis and preparation methods for producing new multi-functional nanoparticles with high sensitivity, high adsorption capacity, and high regeneration capacity. It is to provide a theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of magnetic fluorescent renewable nanoparticles by studying the fluorescence detection and adsorption mechanism of multi-functional nanoparticles, exploring effective regeneration method, and revealing the role of different functional groups to improve the detection sensitivity, adsorption capacity and renewable effect. The project has put forward new ideas and new ways to build a multi-function fluorescent probes and has expanded the application research of nanoparticles. The research results of the project is conducive to the recycling of resources, the environmental protection, and the promotion of organic integration of chemistry, materials science, environmental science, and other disciplines, which has important scientific significance and practical value.

有效地进行环境污染物的检测和分离是世界各个国家共同关注的重要课题。针对现有的功能纳米材料在环境污染物的检测和分离过程中存在不易再生、灵敏度不高、吸附量少的缺点。拟用磁性纳米二氧化硅材料和磁性碳纳米管材料为载体进行表面修饰功能高分子聚合物（或主体超分子）和荧光分子，利用高分子聚合物中功能基团密集和主体超分子包结能力强的特点，建立和发展具有灵敏度高、吸附量大、可再生的新型多功能纳米材料的合成与制备新方法。研究多功能纳米材料的荧光检测和吸附机理，摸索有效的再生方法，揭示不同功能基团的选择对提高检测灵敏度、吸附量和再生效果的作用，并以此为设计合成可再生型磁性荧光纳米材料提供理论基础。本项目对构筑多功能荧光探针提出新的思路和新的方法，拓展了纳米材料的应用研究。项目的研究成果有利于资源的循环利用，保护环境，还可以促进化学、材料、环境等学科的综合交叉和有机融合，具有重要的科学研究意义和应用价值。

本项目主要用二氧化硅纳米复合材料、氧化石墨烯复合材料和壳聚糖复合材料为载体进行表面修饰功能高分子聚合物（或主体超分子）和荧光分子，利用高分子聚合物中功能基团密集和主体超分子包结能力强的特点，建立和发展具有灵敏度高、吸附量大、可再生的新型多功能纳米材料的合成与制备新方法。合成了四种不同的氧化石墨烯复合材料（RB-PEI/GO复合物，β-CD-PEI-GO复合物，黄原酸化的Fe3O4-CS-GO复合物和β-CD/PAA复合物），分别对这些材料进行了表征且研究了四种氧化石墨烯材料在吸附和检测方面的应用。成功制备了四种不同的二氧化硅纳米复合材料，系统地研究了该材料在吸附和检测方面的特性。合成了壳聚糖-罗丹明B复合材料，并研究了该材料对金离子的吸附和检测应用。到目前为止，围绕该课题累计发表学术论文六篇，申请专利六项。部分研究成果还在整理发表中。