高浓度有机废水AnMBR氨氮抑制及其调控机制

The standard requirement for the high COD wastewater treatment has become challenges and opportunities in the field of wastewater treatment of China. Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) has been widely considered as an effective way for the treatment of high COD wastewater like industrial food wastewater and livestock wastewater due to its shortened process compared to the conventional. However, ammonia inhibition existed in AnMBR has limited its use. Thus, in this study, aiming to relief the ammonia inhibition through constructing different AnMBR specific to industrial food wastewater and livestock wastewater, different ammonia sources are investigated to elucidate their effects on the process of AnMBR. Based on the release, inhibition and relief characteristics of different source ammonia, the corresponding effects on the AnMBR process were determined concerning COD removal pathways, successions of microbial community structure with related metabolic pathways, and relief mechanisms of ammonia inhibition in different AnMBRs. According to the understanding of the relief mechanisms, the reduction of ammonia inhibition can be enhanced by coupling automatic control mode, bio augmentation and acclimation, and self-buffer system. Based on this, ammonia inhibition from different sources can therefore be efficiently relieved in customized AnMBR to strongly support the Action Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control targeting the high COD wastewater in China.

高浓度有机废水处理和达标排放成为当前我国污水处理的重大挑战和机遇。厌氧膜生物反应器是实现高浓度有机废水处理短流程达标排放的有效手段，但氨氮抑制对其处理效果的影响不容忽视。因此，本课题以农副产品加工废水和畜禽养殖废水为对象，分析AnMBR处理高浓度有机废水过程中不同氨氮的释放特征，据此构建不同的高效厌氧膜生物反应器。考察不同来源氨氮对厌氧膜生物反应器工艺过程的影响，根据不同来源氨氮的释放、抑制和缓解特征，明确氨氮抑制对厌氧膜生物反应器处理效果的影响，明确不同来源氨氮抑制下的COD降解特征，阐明厌氧消化功能菌群和代谢途径的演替规律，明确不同来源氨氮在高效厌氧膜生物反应器中缓解抑制的机制。基于不同缓解机制，采用高效AnMBR、动力学特征和功能菌群等调控措施缓解氨氮抑制；据此建立可缓解氨氮抑制的成套高效厌氧膜生物反应器，为削减我国高浓度有机废水COD排放提供科技支撑。

“水十条”重点行业废水COD和氨氮污染物排放突出，其COD的厌氧消化去除明显受到氨氮抑制。因此，本课题选择高浓度有机废水中不同氨氮释放特征的废水为对象，考察了不同来源氨氮对厌氧膜生物反应器工艺过程的影响，据此构建了不同的高效厌氧膜生物反应器。根据不同来源氨氮的释放、抑制和缓解特征，明确了氨氮抑制对厌氧膜生物反应器中的影响，明确了不同来源氨氮抑制下COD降解特征，阐明了厌氧消化功能菌群和代谢途径的演替规律，明确了不同来源氨氮在高效厌氧膜生物反应器中缓解抑制的机制。基于不同缓解机制，采用自动控制模式、微生物驯化和三元缓冲体系等方法强化缓解氨氮抑制；建立适于不同来源氨氮的高效厌氧消化成套技术，从而形成了缓解不同来源氨氮抑制的高效厌氧膜生物反应器，并成功应用于载人航天地基受控生态生保系统的废水处理；以此为基础，申请并获得了国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0501405）、江西省重点研发计划（20171ACG70018）、和中国航天员科研训练中心项目的资助，可为我国高浓度有机废水处理与污染控制提供科技支撑。