复杂条件下突发水污染事故应急精细模拟分析研究

Although China has been in the transition phase of the modern industrialization, the low pollutant treatment rate and overload emissions is still the main causes of pollution at present because of the weak industry foundation and limitation of production technology level. It caused that the water pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. Especially when frequently non-normal pollutants discharge such as violation rule emission, industrial accident and other incidental leak has happened; it could release large amount of pollutants instantaneously, which brings severe damage to water environment. These water pollution incidents have been not only causing serious damage to aquatic ecosystems, but also threatening the water supply safety of riverside city. When a water pollution incident happened, it would be great significance that the efficient and reasonable pollution accident emergency disposal technology has been taken after the pollution accident influence scope and destructiveness had been scientific evaluated.. According to the need of sudden water pollution incident emergency simulation, this project will develop a fine water pollution incident contingency model under the complex conditions by improving the deficiency of traditional water quality model in water pollution incident simulation based on the method of combining the numerical model and physical flume experiment. The developed model will be applied to accurate predict the water pollution accident influence scope and destructiveness, and fine analyze and evaluate the effect of contingency measures based on the different physical process. The outcome could provide a scientific basis and support for the precise and efficient water incidental pollution contingency response in China.

当前，我国正处于工业化建设的转型阶段，受工业基础薄弱和生产工艺水平的限制，污染物的违法排放、事故排放以及其他意外排放等事件频发，不仅严重破坏水生态系统，更是威胁沿岸城市供水安全，影响正常的社会生产生活。突发性水污染事故发生后，科学地快速准确评估污染事故影响程度与范围，确立基于敏感目标的污染物应急控制阈值，采取高效合理的应急处置措施，对于及时正确处置水污染事故具有重要意义。.因此，本项目针对复杂条件下突发水污染事故应急模拟需求开展研究，采用数值模型与物理水槽实验相结合的方法，对传统水质模型在水污染事故应急模拟中的不足进行改进，构建复杂河道形态下突发水污染事故应急模型，对水污染事故的影响程度、时间和范围进行精确预警；并基于不同应急措施的物理过程，对应急效果进行准确模拟分析与评价，为我国突发水污染事故的精细高效应急工作提供科学依据与支持。

突发水污染事故严重威胁水体水质安全和水生态健康，精细模拟自然河流水体中事故污染物的输移过程、浓度空间分布以及合理评估应急工程处理效果是突发水污染事故应急的重要内容。.天然河流的不同平面形态和断面形态对河道水流速度分布以及水体中污染物的迁移扩散特性与浓度分布会产生影响。为进一步了解河流断面形态对污染物迁移影响，为精准预测河流污染物纵向离散和断面浓度分布提供依据，本项目开展了不同断面形态条件下的水槽试验研究，通过对水流速度分布和污染物迁移扩散过程的监测分析，得到了一种复杂河道形态下纵向分散系数的确定方法，为精准分析自然条件下不同水文期河流污染物迁移与分布提供依据。.在此基础上，探讨了突发水污染事故应急模型的适用性。根据絮凝沉淀、活性炭吸附等措施对重金属去除效果的研究成果，基于EFDC模型对突发水污染中污染物输移降解模拟方程进行二次改进，进而提出一种对突发水污染事故下不同方案应急效果精细化模拟与评估方法。研究成果可以我国突发水污染事故的精细高效应急工作提供科学依据与支持。