触电生物电流的暂态过渡过程及其频谱特性研究

Because the residual current more than setting value of Residual Current Protected Devices (RCDs),big load and a sudden change of damp weather would cause the incorrect operation and the failure action of Residual Current Protected Devices (RCDs).In order to develop a novel Residual Current Protected Devices tripping directly by the human body current while shocking, it is very important that the variation characteristics, modeling, the interrelationship between the residual current and the contact bioelectric current was studied. According to the different of the organizational structure on the 4-legged mammal's each part, its finite element model was established separately, and the multiport network model on equivalent circuit of the electric shocked 4-legged mammal's body(which was similar to human's body) was built further then.Confirming the optimal parameters of the shock physics experiment platform by the simulation analysis and the regression-orthogonal design, and obtaining the effective shock signals by the optimized electric shock physical experiment platform.Using the correlation analysis or the principal component analysis to compare the shock signals that acquired from two different platforms,and then the multiport network model on equivalent circuit of the electric shocked 4-legged mammal's body can be corrected. According to the effective testing data and the signal-wave, the change regularity of the time and frequency domains and its interrelationship between the summation residual current on the low-voltage electric power grid and the contact bioelectric current was studied by Wavelet analysis and power spectral estimation method. The model of electric shock bioelectric current could be established.The content of this item can be briefly summarized as following: (1)Multiport network model of the electric shock humanlike 4-legged mammal. (2)Corrected the multiport network model of electric shock humanlike 4-legged mammal based on physical experiment. (3)The transient process and frequency spectrum of the residual current and the contact bioelectric current.The results of the project is helpful to improve the reliability of Residual Current Protected Devices.

研究和开发基于触电电流动作的新型剩余电流保护装置，可解决低压电网在大负荷或突变潮湿天气下因剩余电流超过整定值引起误动作的问题，而剩余电流与触电生物电流的变化特性、相互关系和建模是其关键问题。项目拟根据四肢哺乳动物各组成部分组织结构的不同，分别建立其有限元模型，进一步构建类似人体的四肢哺乳动物多端口触电模型；通过回归正交设计确定触电物理试验平台各物理参量最优值，获取有效触电信号，并运用相关分析、主元分析等对两种平台获取的触电信号比较，进一步修正类似人体的四肢哺乳动物多端口触电模型；利用改进小波变换和功率谱估计等研究剩余电流和触电生物电流的时频变化及相互关系，建立概率统计特性的触电生物电流模型。主要研究内容：（1）类似人体的四肢哺乳动物多端口触电模型；（2）物理试验法对四肢哺乳动物多端口触电模型修正；（3）剩余电流及触电生物电流的过渡过程及频谱特性。项目成果有助于提高剩余电流保护装置的可靠性。

针对剩余电流保护装置误动或拒动问题，在国家自然科学基金项目“触电生物电流的暂态过渡过程及其频谱特性研究”的支持下，本课题通过构建触电物理试验平台，测试和获取生物体触电原始数据，开展剩余电流中触电生物电流的暂态过渡过程及其频谱特性研究。主要完成内容如下：. （1）设计并构建了触电物理试验平台，通过多种场景的模拟触电实验，获取了批量动物触电数据，建立了一定规模的低压电网生物体触电信号数据库。. （2）采用快速傅里叶变换分析了生物体发生触电故障时的剩余电流的频谱特征，应用经验模态分解及S变换分析了触电信号的时频特征，提出了判断触电时段的特征量，能够突显出原始信号在触电时刻的波形变化特征。. （3）利用Debye分别研究了人体、动物羊、动物猪的电特性。利用差分图像法、基于近景测量系统、Canny边缘检测结合圆弧拟合方法分别获得人体、羊、猪的关键点，在ANSYS平台分别建立了人体、羊及猪的电学模型，人体电学模型触电仿真研究结果与Dalziel的实验结果具有较高的拟合度，羊及猪的电学模型获得的仿真触电结果与触电物理试验获得的实验结果误差均小于5%。. （4）建立了基于最小二乘法的触电电流概率统计模型；提出了基于动物（猪）触电试验的人体触电规律研究，提出了基于椭圆域分割的混沌理论的触电电流识别算法、基于混沌系统功率谱特征的触电信号识别研究、基于LMD的单通道触电信号的盲分离算法研究。解决了工程中生物体触电支路电流不可检测的问题，为新一代基于人体触电电流分量而动作的自适应型剩余电流保护装置的开发提供可靠的理论依据。