多元金属LDH"核化"加速厌氧污泥颗粒化协同产甲烷菌激活

This proposal aimed at the accelerating of anaerobic sludge granulation and the improvement of methanation rate of organic wastewater with high concentration. Polynary metal LDH particles will be designed and synthesized according to the methanogens' nutrient demand of metals. The accelerating of anaerobic sludge granulation and the simultaneous stimulation of methanogens is originally proposed and will be accomplished by the addition of PM-LDH particles, which serve as the inhomogeneous core and release metal ions by control. The interaction physical-chemical principle of PM-LDH particles and methanogens will be made a thorough in query. The media stability and the surface electrochemical characteristic of PM-LDH in mimetic anaerobic system will be investigated. The interaction principle of PM-LDH particles and methanogens will be made a thorough in query. The metal release behavior of PM-LDH in anaerobic system will be investigated, and the biological availability of the metals will be analyzed. Isotopic tracing and molecular biology techniques will be used to study the stimulation of methanogens by the metal ions under controlled release conditions. The simultaneous interaction mechanism of the accelerating of anaerobic sludge granulation and the stimulation of methanogens will be studied using EGSB reactor treating starch wastewater with high concentration of organic pollutant. The results will be of great theoretical interest and has significant practicality to guide the effect running of anaerobic treatment of high organic polluted wastewater with lack of metal nutrient.

课题以加速厌氧污泥颗粒化和提高高浓度有机废水甲烷化效率为目标，按照产甲烷菌对金属元素的需求，设计并诱导合成含有产甲烷菌所需多元微量金属元素的多金属羟基化合物PM-LDH，以PM-LDH 颗粒作为非均相核化中心，通过对金属离子的可控释放，创新性提出了PM-LDH 用于"核化"加速厌氧污泥颗粒化协同激活产甲烷菌的构想，并对PM-LDH与产甲烷菌相互作用的物理化学原理进行探索。 为此，拟考察模拟厌氧体系中PM-LDH 的介质稳定性、颗粒表面电化学特性，探究PM-LDH 颗粒与产甲烷菌相互作用原理；考察厌氧体系中PM-LDH 金属离子溶出特性、生物有效度和促进产甲烷菌激活的生物学解析；同时利用EGSB 反应器处理高浓度淀粉废水，探究PM-LDH 对加速污泥颗粒化与产甲烷菌激活的协同效果及作用机制。 研究成果对指导营养单一的高浓度有机废水的厌氧生物处理系统高效运行有重要意义。

颗粒污泥具有沉降性能好、污泥浓度高、耐冲击负荷等优势，在污水生物处理领域具有广泛的应用前景，但存在着颗粒化周期长、污泥颗粒不够稳定等问题。.在国家自然科学基金的资助下，本项目创新性地提出，利用表面带正电荷的层状双羟基化合物LDH”核化“作用加速污泥颗粒化，同步实现微生物的激活的构想，分别就LDH与微生物的相互作用机制、LDH加速污泥颗粒化效果及机理、LDH及其缓释金属离子与微生物胞外聚合物EPS的相互作用对颗粒污泥稳定性的促进、LDH缓释金属离子对微生物生长的激活作用、颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器EGSB对高浓度混合型渗滤液产甲烷资源化处理的效果、反应器防结垢等内容进行了深入研究。.研究结果表明，表面带正电荷的LDH与表面带负电荷的细菌具有良好的吸附效果，形成的类颗粒LDH-细菌聚合体可用于污染物的高效去除；投加LDH可明显加速污泥颗粒化，SBR反应器中颗粒污泥的培养时间可缩短至12天；合成含Ni、Fe、Co等微生物所需微量金属元素的LDH缓释的金属离子可有效激活细菌的生长；LDH及缓释的金属离子与EPS的相互作用对颗粒污泥的稳定性有明显的促进作用；膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器EGSB可用于处理高浓度混合型渗滤液，污泥颗粒在反应过程中存在矿化现象，甲烷化过程反应器结垢问题可利用沼气、焚烧气回曝解决。.课题研究成果对利用颗粒污泥实现高浓度废水的高效生物处理具有重要的指导意义。