基于极小尺度调控光场的远场纳米光学成像技术研究

Far field super-resolved optical imaging based on ultra-small scale optical field is one of the most important research focuses in optical physics. It contains significant fundamental scientific issues, comprehensive engineering techniques and extensive application backgrounds. Recent developments and needs of super-resolved optical imaging lay a foundation and open new opportunities for this project. On the basis of previous works delivered by our group on generation, measurement and application of ultra-small scale optical field, in this project, we will devote ourselves to enhancing the far field linear optical resolution to less than 100 nm. Furthermore, the employment of nonlinear excitation will lead the optical resolution to the level of 70 nm. In our project, the far field excitation method, which is fluorescent marker free and directly measuring, will be applied to biological and transparent samples. This method greatly extends the research scope of super-resolved spectroscopy. Time-resolved spectroscopy, with time resolution within 100 fs, will be also developed based on the above researches. This project will be able to provide new principles and experimental technologies for far field spatial, frequency and time domain spectroscopy.

本项目提出的基于极小尺度光场的远场超分辨光学成像的研究是光物理领域的重要研究方向，具有重要的基础科学问题、综合性的工程技术挑战以及广泛应用背景。近年来光学超分辨成像研究进展与需求为这一项目的深入开展注入了新的发展动力，并创造了新的发展机遇。本项目将在项目组前期极小尺度光场的产生、测量与应用的基础上，将远场线性光学分辨率推至100纳米以内，进而采用非线性激发的方法，分辨率达到约70纳米水准。本项目还拟将远场激发方案推进至生物样品与透明样品，这种无需对样品实施荧光标定，同时对样品的空间分辨进行直接测量的方法将大大扩充超分辨光谱研究范围。项目还拟在此基础上发展时间分辨光谱，将时间分辨同时控制在100飞秒以内，从而为远场的空间、频率与时间高分辨光谱提供新原理与实验新技术。

围绕光学成像系统分辨极限的物理本质与分辨率提升等基本物理问题，本项目以光场调控为手段，对纳米尺度空间分辨原理与实验技术、散射光学成像理论与实验和显微图像信息的立体再现显示技术展开了研究。实验上实现了直接分辨率达85纳米、最小可分辨间隔30纳米的显纳成像，演示了显微成像光学微纳集成化的可能性；在远场、线性、无侵入条件实现了突破分辨极限的光学成像；在散射成像研究中突破了近3倍于能见距离的光学成像恢复；在显微图像信息立体化方面，实现了三维显微成像的裸眼3D显示，研究成果得以转换，并取得良好经济效益与社会效益。本项目有望在实验原理演示、应用实验、外场试验和产业化应用等方面推进光学成像与显示领域的发展。